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Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning (efCIL) aims to continuously incorporate the knowledge from new classes while retaining previously learned information, without storing any old-class exemplars (i.e., samples). For this purpose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Libo Huang , Zhulin An , Yan Zeng , Chuanguang Yang , Xinqiang Yu , Yongjun Xu

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (EFCIL) aims to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in class-incremental learning (CIL) without available historical training samples as exemplars. Compared with its exemplar-based CIL counterpart that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Run He , Di Fang , Yizhu Chen , Kai Tong , Cen Chen , Yi Wang , Lap-pui Chau , Huiping Zhuang

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning is a highly challenging setting where replay memory is unavailable. Methods relying on frozen feature extractors have drawn attention recently in this setting due to their impressive performances and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Quentin Jodelet , Xin Liu , Yin Jun Phua , Tsuyoshi Murata

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning (EFCIL) aims to learn from a sequence of tasks without having access to previous task data. In this paper, we consider the challenging Cold Start scenario in which insufficient data is available in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Simone Magistri , Tomaso Trinci , Albin Soutif-Cormerais , Joost van de Weijer , Andrew D. Bagdanov

In federated healthcare systems, Federated Class-Incremental Learning (FCIL) has emerged as a key paradigm, enabling continuous adaptive model learning among distributed clients while safeguarding data privacy. However, in practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tiantian Wang , Xiang Xiang , Simon S. Du

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (EFCIL) poses significant challenges, primarily due to catastrophic forgetting, necessitating a delicate balance between stability and plasticity to accurately recognize both new and previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Eduard Hogea , Adrian Popescu , Darian Onchis , Grégoire Petit

Rehearsal-based continual learning (CL) mitigates catastrophic forgetting by maintaining a subset of samples from previous tasks for replay. Existing studies primarily focus on optimizing memory storage through coreset selection strategies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Minh-Duong Nguyen , Thien-Thanh Dao , Le-Tuan Nguyen , Dung D. Le , Kok-Seng Wong

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (CIL) poses several challenges since it prohibits the rehearsal of data from previous tasks and thus suffers from catastrophic forgetting. Recent approaches to incrementally learning the classifier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Dipam Goswami , Yuyang Liu , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer

Federated Class-Incremental Learning (FCIL) refers to a scenario where a dynamically changing number of clients collaboratively learn an ever-increasing number of incoming tasks. FCIL is known to suffer from local forgetting due to class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Milad Khademi Nori , Il-Min Kim , Guanghui Wang

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning (EFCIL) aims to retain old knowledge acquired in the previous task while learning new classes, without storing the previous images due to storage constraints or privacy concerns. In EFCIL, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hiroto Honda

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to design machine learning algorithms that can continually learn new concepts from a few data points, without forgetting knowledge of old classes. The difficulty lies in that limited data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Chi Zhang , Nan Song , Guosheng Lin , Yun Zheng , Pan Pan , Yinghui Xu

Replay-based methods in class-incremental learning (CIL) have attained remarkable success. Despite their effectiveness, the inherent memory restriction results in saving a limited number of exemplars with poor diversity. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ruxiao Duan , Jieneng Chen , Adam Kortylewski , Alan Yuille , Yaoyao Liu

This paper focuses on an under-explored yet important problem: Federated Class-Continual Learning (FCCL), where new classes are dynamically added in federated learning. Existing FCCL works suffer from various limitations, such as requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Jie Zhang , Chen Chen , Weiming Zhuang , Lingjuan Lv

Exemplar-free Class Incremental Learning (EFCIL) aims to learn from a sequence of tasks without having access to previous task data. In this paper, we consider the challenging Cold Start scenario in which insufficient data is available in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Simone Magistri , Tomaso Trinci , Albin Soutif-Cormerais , Joost van de Weijer , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Continual learning in online scenario aims to learn a sequence of new tasks from data stream using each data only once for training, which is more realistic than in offline mode assuming data from new task are all available. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning enables models to learn new classes over time without storing data from old ones. As multimodal graph-structured data becomes increasingly prevalent, existing methods struggle with challenges like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haochen You , Baojing Liu

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Deep learning models are prone to forgetting information learned in the past when trained on new data. This problem becomes even more pronounced in the context of federated learning (FL), where data is decentralized and subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Sara Babakniya , Zalan Fabian , Chaoyang He , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Salman Avestimehr

Most meta-learning approaches assume the existence of a very large set of labeled data available for episodic meta-learning of base knowledge. This contrasts with the more realistic continual learning paradigm in which data arrives…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Kai Wang , Xialei Liu , Andy Bagdanov , Luis Herranz , Shangling Jui , Joost van de Weijer

In class-incremental learning, the objective is to learn a number of classes sequentially without having access to the whole training data. However, due to a problem known as catastrophic forgetting, neural networks suffer substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Sobirdzhon Bobiev , Adil Khan , Syed Muhammad Ahsan Raza Kazmi
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