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Black box attacks, where adversaries have limited knowledge of the target model, pose a significant threat to machine learning systems. Adversarial examples generated with a substitute model often suffer from limited transferability to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bar Avraham , Yisroel Mirsky

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been employed in a wide range of applications, e.g. self-driving cars, where safety and lives are at stake. Recently, the robustness of skeleton-based HAR methods have been questioned due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yunfeng Diao , He Wang , Tianjia Shao , Yong-Liang Yang , Kun Zhou , David Hogg , Meng Wang

Neural networks play an increasingly important role in the field of machine learning and are included in many applications in society. Unfortunately, neural networks suffer from adversarial samples generated to attack them. However, most of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xiaolei Liu , Yuheng Luo , Xiaosong Zhang , Qingxin Zhu

Adversarial ranking attacks have gained increasing attention due to their success in probing vulnerabilities, and, hence, enhancing the robustness, of neural ranking models. Conventional attack methods employ perturbations at a single…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Deep neural networks are widely used in various fields because of their powerful performance. However, recent studies have shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., adding a slight perturbation to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Youhuan Yang , Lei Sun , Leyu Dai , Song Guo , Xiuqing Mao , Xiaoqin Wang , Bayi Xu

Deep learning models (with neural networks) have been widely used in challenging tasks such as computer-aided disease diagnosis based on medical images. Recent studies have shown deep diagnostic models may not be robust in the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Mengting Xu , Tao Zhang , Zhongnian Li , Mingxia Liu , Daoqiang Zhang

Black-box query attacks, which rely only on the output of the victim model, have proven to be effective in attacking deep learning models. However, existing black-box query attacks show low performance in a novel scenario where only a few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Xiangyuan Yang , Jie Lin , Hanlin Zhang , Xinyu Yang , Peng Zhao

Accurate prediction of time-to-event outcomes is critical for clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and resource allocation in modern healthcare. While classical survival models such as Cox remain widely adopted in standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marina Mastroleo , Alberto Archetti , Federico Mastroleo , Matteo Matteucci

Many ensemble-based models have been proposed to solve machine learning problems in the survival analysis framework, including random survival forests, the gradient boosting machine with weak survival models, ensembles of the Cox models. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Lev V. Utkin , Semen P. Khomets , Vlada A. Efremenko , Andrei V. Konstantinov

Adversarial examples exhibit cross-model transferability, enabling threatening black-box attacks on commercial models. Model ensembling, which attacks multiple surrogate models, is a known strategy to improve this transferability. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Chuan Liu , Huanran Chen , Yichi Zhang , Jun Zhu , Yinpeng Dong

We propose a novel framework for real-time black-box universal attacks which disrupts activations of early convolutional layers in deep learning models. Our hypothesis is that perturbations produced in the wavelet space disrupt early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Alberto Santamaria-Pang , Jianwei Qiu , Aritra Chowdhury , James Kubricht , Peter Tu , Iyer Naresh , Nurali Virani

Surrogate algorithms such as Bayesian optimisation are especially designed for black-box optimisation problems with expensive objectives, such as hyperparameter tuning or simulation-based optimisation. In the literature, these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Laurens Bliek , Arthur Guijt , Rickard Karlsson , Sicco Verwer , Mathijs de Weerdt

In generating adversarial examples, the conventional black-box attack methods rely on sufficient feedback from the to-be-attacked models by repeatedly querying until the attack is successful, which usually results in thousands of trials…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Renyang Liu , Wei Zhou , Xin Jin , Song Gao , Yuanyu Wang , Ruxin Wang

Adversarial attacks remain a significant threat that can jeopardize the integrity of Machine Learning (ML) models. In particular, query-based black-box attacks can generate malicious noise without having access to the victim model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jeonghwan Park , Niall McLaughlin , Ihsen Alouani

Accurate time-to-event prediction is integral to decision-making, informing medical guidelines, hiring decisions, and resource allocation. Survival analysis, the quantitative framework used to model time-to-event data, accounts for patients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vincent Jeanselme , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

In the scenario of black-box adversarial attack, the target model's parameters are unknown, and the attacker aims to find a successful adversarial perturbation based on query feedback under a query budget. Due to the limited feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Fei Yin , Yong Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Jingyi Zhang , Yanbo Fan , Yujiu Yang

Query-based black-box attacks have emerged as a significant threat to machine learning systems, where adversaries can manipulate the input queries to generate adversarial examples that can cause misclassification of the model. To counter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Shaofei Li , Ziqi Zhang , Haomin Jia , Ding Li , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen

Deep learning models are routinely employed in computational pathology (CPath) for solving problems of diagnostic and prognostic significance. Typically, the generalization performance of CPath models is analyzed using evaluation protocols…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-18 Alex Foote , Amina Asif , Ayesha Azam , Tim Marshall-Cox , Nasir Rajpoot , Fayyaz Minhas

Unlike the white-box counterparts that are widely studied and readily accessible, adversarial examples in black-box settings are generally more Herculean on account of the difficulty of estimating gradients. Many methods achieve the task by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Ziang Yan , Yiwen Guo , Changshui Zhang

Adversarial audio attacks can be considered as a small perturbation unperceptive to human ears that is intentionally added to the audio signal and causes a machine learning model to make mistakes. This poses a security concern about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Mohammad Esmaeilpour , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich