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Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique to train an agent to perform a task. However, an agent that is trained using reinforcement learning is only capable of achieving the single task that is specified via its reward function. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Carlos Florensa , David Held , Xinyang Geng , Pieter Abbeel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in automating scientific ideation, yet current approaches relying on iterative prompting or complex multi-agent architectures often suffer from hallucination or computational…

The prevalence and strong capability of large language models (LLMs) present significant safety and ethical risks if exploited by malicious users. To prevent the potentially deceptive usage of LLMs, recent works have proposed algorithms to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhouxing Shi , Yihan Wang , Fan Yin , Xiangning Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Many cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning environments provide agents with a sparse team-based reward, as well as a dense agent-specific reward that incentivizes learning basic skills. Training policies solely on the team-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Shauharda Khadka , Somdeb Majumdar , Santiago Miret , Stephen McAleer , Kagan Tumer

Creating secure and resilient applications with large language models (LLM) requires anticipating, adjusting to, and countering unforeseen threats. Red-teaming has emerged as a critical technique for identifying vulnerabilities in…

Generative models are rapidly gaining popularity and being integrated into everyday applications, raising concerns over their safe use as various vulnerabilities are exposed. In light of this, the field of red teaming is undergoing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Lizhi Lin , Honglin Mu , Zenan Zhai , Minghan Wang , Yuxia Wang , Renxi Wang , Junjie Gao , Yixuan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Timothy Baldwin , Xudong Han , Haonan Li

Self-paced reinforcement learning (RL) aims to improve the data efficiency of learning by automatically creating sequences, namely curricula, of probability distributions over contexts. However, existing techniques for self-paced RL fail in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Cevahir Koprulu , Ufuk Topcu

While large language models have proven effective in a huge range of downstream applications, they often generate text that is problematic or lacks a desired attribute. In this paper, we introduce Reward-Augmented Decoding (RAD), a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Haikang Deng , Colin Raffel

In recent years, AI red teaming has emerged as a practice for probing the safety and security of generative AI systems. Due to the nascency of the field, there are many open questions about how red teaming operations should be conducted.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan

The deployment of large-scale generative models is often restricted by their potential risk of causing harm to users in unpredictable ways. We focus on the problem of black-box red teaming, where a red team generates test cases and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Deokjae Lee , JunYeong Lee , Jung-Woo Ha , Jin-Hwa Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Hwaran Lee , Hyun Oh Song

Text generation is a crucial task in NLP. Recently, several adversarial generative models have been proposed to improve the exposure bias problem in text generation. Though these models gain great success, they still suffer from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Zhan Shi , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

We propose a simple, general and effective technique, Reward Randomization for discovering diverse strategic policies in complex multi-agent games. Combining reward randomization and policy gradient, we derive a new algorithm,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Zhenggang Tang , Chao Yu , Boyuan Chen , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Fei Fang , Simon Du , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) relies heavily on exploration to learn from its environment and maximize observed rewards. Therefore, it is essential to design a reward function that guarantees optimal learning from the received experience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Ingy ElSayed-Aly , Lu Feng

As vision-language models (VLMs) gain prominence, their multimodal interfaces also introduce new safety vulnerabilities, making the safety evaluation challenging and critical. Existing red-teaming efforts are either restricted to a narrow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zhaorun Chen , Xun Liu , Mintong Kang , Jiawei Zhang , Minzhou Pan , Shuang Yang , Bo Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have significant potential to enable general-purpose robotic systems for a range of vision-language tasks. However, the performance of VLA-based robots is highly sensitive to the precise wording of…

Multi-goal reinforcement learning (RL) aims to qualify the agent to accomplish multi-goal tasks, which is of great importance in learning scalable robotic manipulation skills. However, reward engineering always requires strenuous efforts in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Deyu Yang , Hanbo Zhang , Xuguang Lan , Jishiyu Ding

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated excellent decision-making potential in platoon coordination problems. However, due to the variability of coordination goals, the complexity of the decision problem, and the time-consumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dixiao Wei , Peng Yi , Jinlong Lei , Yiguang Hong , Yuchuan Du

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to enhance task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems. However, existing RL methods tend to mainly focus on generation tasks, such as dialogue policy learning (DPL) or response generation (RG),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Huifang Du , Shuqin Li , Minghao Wu , Xuejing Feng , Yuan-Fang Li , Haofen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, yet they pose significant security risks that threaten their safe deployment in critical domains. Current security alignment methodologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Pengfei Du