Related papers: Exceptional X-ray activity in BL Lacertae

In this work we investigate the nature of multi-wavelength variability of blazars from a purely numerical approach. We use a time-dependent one-zone leptonic blazar emission model to simulate multi-wavelength variability by introducing…

BL Lacertae has been the target of four observing campaigns by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) collaboration. In this paper we present $UBVRI$ light curves obtained by the WEBT from 1994 to 2002, including the last, extended BL Lac…

The BL Lac object Mkn 501, one of the only three extragalactic sources (with Mkn 421 and 1ES 2344+514) so far detected at TeV energies, was observed with the BeppoSAX satellite on 7, 11, and 16 April 1997 during a phase of high activity at…

Blazars, a subclass of radio-loud active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets aligned close to our line of sight, emit highly variable non-thermal radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. The physical origin of their emission and…

We present the most continuous data base of optical $BVR_{c}I_{c}$ observations ever published on the BL Lacertae object GC 0109+224, collected mainly by the robotic telescope of the Perugia University Observatory in the period November…

A simple model for variability in relativistic plasma outflows is studied, in which nonthermal electrons are continuously and uniformly injected in the comoving frame over a time interval dt. The evolution of the electron distribution is…

The MAGIC collaboration observed BL Lacertae for 22.2 hr during 2005 August to December and for 26 hr during 2006 July to September. The source is the historical prototype and eponym of a class of low-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (LBL)…

The X-ray emission from blazars has been widely investigated using several space telescopes. In this work, we explored statistical properties of the X-ray variability in the blazars S5 0716+714, OJ 287, Mkn 501 and RBS 2070 using the…

We present results of two-colour photometry with high time resolution of the violently variable BL Lac object AO 0235+164. We have found extreme intranight variability with amplitudes of ~ 100 % over time scales of 24 hours. Changes of 0.5…

New optical and radio data on the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+16 have been collected in the last four years by a wide international collaboration, which confirm the intense activity of this source. The optical data also include the results…

Gamma-ray observations have revealed strong variability in blazar luminosities in the gamma-ray band over time scales as short as minutes. We show, for the first time, that the correlation of the spectrum with intensity is consistent with…

X-ray properties of the BL Lacertae object OJ 287, observed with ASCA on 1997 April 26 and November 17, are reported. The 0.5 -- 10 keV flux was lower than those obtained in previous X-ray observations, and no evidence of intensity…

Blazars are the established sources of an intense and variable non-thermal radiation extending from radio wavelengths up to HE and VHE gamma-rays. Understanding the spectral evolution of blazars in selected frequency ranges, as well as…

We monitored BL Lacertae frequently during 2014 - 2016 when it was generally in a high state. We searched for intra-day variability for 43 nights using quasi-simultaneous measurements in the B, V, R, and I bands (totaling 143 light curves);…

We report here on the first multi-wavelength (MWL) campaign on the blazar TXS 1515-273, undertaken in 2019 and extending from radio to very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE). Up until now, this blazar had not been the subject of any detailed MWL…

Blazars are a class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known for their very rapid variabilty in the high energy regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Despite this known fast variability, X-ray observations have generally not revealed…

We present long-term multiwavelength observations of blazar CTA 102 ($z=1.037$). Detailed temporal and spectral analyses of $\gamma$-ray, X-ray and UV/optical data observed by {\it Fermi}-LAT, Swift XRT, NuSTAR and Swift-UVOT over a period…

Blazars are conventionally classified into BL Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), commonly associated with radiatively inefficient and efficient accretion onto supermassive black holes, respectively. Increasing evidence,…

We present a study of the flux distribution of a sample of 15 Intermediate and Low-energy peaked blazars using XMM-Newton observations in a total of 57 epochs on short-term timescales. We characterise the X-ray variability of all of the…

In paper 1 (Cheng et al. 2001) we have shown that the soft X-ray spectra of two types of Seyfert 1 galaxies statistically vary differently with increasing intensity. In order to understand how the spectrum of blazars changes, the spectral…