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Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new type of trading venues which are revolutionising the way market participants interact. At present, the majority of AMMs are constant function market makers (CFMMs) where a deterministic trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-25 Marcello Monga

Concentrated Liquidity Market Makers (CLMMs) represent a fundamental innovation in market microstructure, transforming liquidity provision from passive portfolio allocation to active risk management. This evolution creates significant…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-31 Andrey Urusov , Rostislav Berezovskiy , Anatoly Krestenko , Andrei Kornilov , Yury Yanovich

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new prototype of decentralised exchanges which are revolutionising market interactions. The majority of AMMs are constant product markets (CPMs) where exchange rates are set by a trading function. This…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-19 Álvaro Cartea , Fayçal Drissi , Marcello Monga

In the ever evolving landscape of decentralized finance automated market makers (AMMs) play a key role: they provide a market place for trading assets in a decentralized manner. For so-called bluechip pairs, arbitrage activity provides a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-16 Abe Alexander , Lars Fritz

This paper compares mathematical models for automated market makers including logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR), liquidity sensitive LMSR (LS-LMSR), constant product/mean/sum, and others. It is shown that though LMSR may not be a good…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-21 Yongge Wang

Liquidation of collateral are the primary safeguard for solvency of lending protocols in decentralized finance. However, the mechanics of liquidations expose these protocols to predatory price manipulations and other forms of Maximal…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-13 Agathe Sadeghi , Zachary Feinstein

In the ever evolving landscape of decentralized finance automated market makers (AMMs) play a key role: they provide a market place for trading assets in a decentralized manner. For so-called bluechip pairs, arbitrage activity provides a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-16 Abe Alexander , Lars Fritz

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are emerging as a popular decentralised trading platform. In this work, we determine the optimal dynamic fees in a constant function market maker. We find approximate closed-form solutions to the control…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-26 Leonardo Baggiani , Martin Herdegen , Leandro Sánchez-Betancourt

We present a mathematical formulation of liquidity provision in decentralized exchanges. We focus on constant function market makers of utility indifference type, which include constant product market makers with concentrated liquidity as a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-05 Masaaki Fukasawa , Basile Maire , Marcus Wunsch

We investigate the most common type of blockchain-based decentralized exchange, which are known as constant function market makers (CFMMs). We examine the the market microstructure around CFMMs and present a model for valuing the liquidity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Richard Dewey , Craig Newbold

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a tool for creating exchange markets, have been deployed effectively in prediction markets, and are now especially prominent in the Decentralized Finance ecosystem. We show that for any set of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Mohak Goyal , Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

Concentrated liquidity (CL) provisioning is a way how to improve the capital efficiency of Automated Market Makers (AMM). Allowing liquidity providers to use leverage is a step towards even higher capital efficiency. A number of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-20 Atis Elsts , Krešimir Klas

This paper develops a robust mathematical framework for Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) by transitioning from traditional token reserve analyses to a coordinate system defined by price and intrinsic liquidity. We establish a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-03 Jimmy Risk , Shen-Ning Tung , Tai-Ho Wang

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has revolutionized financial markets by enabling complex asset-exchange protocols without trusted intermediaries. Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of DeFi, providing the core functionality…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Marco Dessalvi , Massimo Bartoletti , Alberto Lluch-Lafuente

In decentralized finance ("DeFi"), automated market makers (AMMs) enable traders to programmatically exchange one asset for another. Such trades are enabled by the assets deposited by liquidity providers (LPs). The goal of this paper is to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Jason Milionis , Ciamac C. Moallemi , Tim Roughgarden

Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) are a family of automated market makers that enable censorship-resistant decentralized exchange on public blockchains. Arbitrage trades have been shown to align the prices reported by CFMMs with those…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-04-02 Alex Evans , Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra

Prediction markets allow traders to bet on potential future outcomes. These markets exist for weather, political, sports, and economic forecasting. Within this work we consider a decentralized framework for prediction markets using…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-10 Hamed Amini , Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

In Decentralized Finance (DeFi), automated market makers typically implement liquidity provisioning protocols. These protocols allow third-party liquidity providers (LPs) to provide assets to facilitate trade in exchange for fees. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Adithya Bhaskara , Rafael Frongillo , Maneesha Papireddygari

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a rapidly evolving segment of blockchain technology that enables a transformative approach to financial services through Web3 applications. By leveraging smart contracts, DeFi allows developers to build…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ignat Melnikov , Roman Vlasov , Vladimir Gorgadze , Andrey Seoev , Yury Yanovich
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