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Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

Ethereum Smart Contracts based on Blockchain Technology (BT) enables monetary transactions among peers on a blockchain network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs that are deployed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

In the growing field of blockchain technology, smart contracts exist as transformative digital agreements that execute transactions autonomously in decentralised networks. However, these contracts face challenges in the form of security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Christopher De Baets , Basem Suleiman , Armin Chitizadeh , Imran Razzak

Ethereum smart contracts, which are autonomous decentralized applications on the blockchain that manage assets often exceeding millions of dollars, have become primary targets for cyberattacks. In 2023 alone, such vulnerabilities led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Christoph Sendner , Lukas Petzi , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Reentrancy vulnerability as one of the most notorious vulnerabilities, has been a prominent topic in smart contract security research. Research shows that existing vulnerability detection presents a range of challenges, especially as smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Yanlin Wang , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

The inherent determinism of blockchain technology poses a significant challenge to generating secure random numbers within smart contracts, leading to exploitable vulnerabilities, particularly in decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hadis Rezaei , Ahmed Afif Monrat , Karl Andersson , Francesco Flammini

As cross-chain interoperability advances, decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols enable illicit funds to be reorganized into uniform liquid assets that flow throughout the cryptocurrency market. Such operations can bypass monitoring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuyi Miao , Wangjie Qiu , Shengda Zhuo , Fei Shen , Dan Lin , Xingtong Yu , Chua Tat-Seng , Zhiming Zheng

Smart contracts are essential for managing digital assets in blockchain networks, highlighting the need for effective security measures. This paper introduces SmartLLMSentry, a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Oualid Zaazaa , Hanan El Bakkali

A widespread belief in the blockchain security community is that automated techniques are only good for detecting shallow bugs, typically of small value. In this paper, we present the techniques and insights that have led us to repeatable…

With the rise in using immature smart contract programming languages to build a decentralized application, more vulnerabilities have been introduced to the Blockchain and were the main reasons behind critical financial losses. Moreover, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Oualid Zaazaa , Hanan El Bakkali

EOSIO is one typical public blockchain platform. It is scalable in terms of transaction speeds and has a growing ecosystem supporting smart contracts and decentralized applications. However, the vulnerabilities within the EOSIO smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Yuhe Huang , Bo Jiang , W. K. Chan

The financial crime landscape is evolving along with the digitization in financial services. In this context, laws and regulations cannot efficiently cope with a fast-moving industry such as finance, which translates in late adoption of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Lamprini Zarpala , Fran Casino

Blockchain technology revolutionizes the Internet, but also poses increasing risks, particularly in cryptocurrency finance. On the Ethereum platform, Ponzi schemes, phishing scams, and a variety of other frauds emerge. Existing Ponzi scheme…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Chengxiang Jin , Jiajun Zhou , Shengbo Gong , Chenxuan Xie , Qi Xuan

Adversarial smart contracts, mostly on EVM-compatible chains like Ethereum and BSC, are deployed as EVM bytecode to exploit vulnerable smart contracts for financial gain. Detecting such malicious contracts at the time of deployment is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yating Liu , Xing Su , Hao Wu , Sijin Li , Yuxi Cheng , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Smart contracting protocols promise to regulate the transfer of cryptocurrency amongst participants in a trustless manner. A safe smart contract implementation should ensure that each participant can always append a contract transaction to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-16 James Chiang

We propose and compare two approaches to identify smart contracts as token systems by analyzing their public bytecode. The first approach symbolically executes the code in order to detect token systems by their characteristic behavior of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Michael Fröwis , Andreas Fuchs , Rainer Böhme

Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Lorenzo Benetollo , Carla Piazza , Michele Bugliesi , Sabina Rossi

Smart contracts have been increasingly used together with blockchains to automate financial and business transactions. However, many bugs and vulnerabilities have been identified in many contracts which raises serious concerns about smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Zhipeng Gao , Lingxiao Jiang , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy

Smart contracts are the cornerstone of decentralized applications and financial protocols, which extend the application of digital currency transactions. The applications and financial protocols introduce significant security challenges,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

The security of smart contracts, which are an important part of blockchain technology, has attracted much attention. In particular, reentrancy vulnerability, which is hidden and complex, poses a great threat to smart contracts. In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Chang Chu