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Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made impressive progress in recent years but remain only loosely interconnected. Based on a workshop convened by the National Science Foundation in August 2025, we identify three…

Intelligence necessitates memory. Without memory, humans fail to perform various nontrivial tasks such as reading novels, playing games or solving maths. As the ultimate goal of machine learning is to derive intelligent systems that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hung Le

It is crucial that robots' performance can be improved after deployment, as they are inherently likely to encounter novel scenarios never seen before. This paper presents an innovative solution: an interactive learning-based robot system…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Kohou Wang , ZhaoXiang Liu , Lin Bai , Kun Fan , Xiang Liu , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Over the past decade, AI has made a remarkable progress. It is agreed that this is due to the recently revived Deep Learning technology. Deep Learning enables to process large amounts of data using simplified neuron networks that simulate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Emanuel Diamant

This white paper describes some of the design principles for artificial or machine intelligence that guide efforts at Noumenal Labs. These principles are drawn from both nature and from the means by which we come to represent and understand…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-20 Maxwell J. D. Ramstead , Candice Pattisapu , Jason Fox , Jeff Beck

Artificial intelligence has advanced rapidly across perception, language, reasoning, and multimodal domains. Yet despite these achievements, modern AI systems remain fundamentally limited in their ability to self-monitor, self-correct, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Sindhuja Penchala , Shahram Rahimi

The accelerated path of technological development, particularly at the interface between hardware and biology has been suggested as evidence for future major technological breakthroughs associated to our potential to overcome biological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-18 Ricard Sole

Core knowledge about physical objects -- e.g., their permanency, spatial transformations, and interactions -- is one of the most fundamental building blocks of biological intelligence across humans and non-human animals. While AI techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 James Ainooson , Deepayan Sanyal , Joel P. Michelson , Yuan Yang , Maithilee Kunda

The ability to navigate and interact with complex environments is central to real-world embodied agents, yet navigation in unseen environments remains challenging due to "experiential amnesia," where existing trajectory-driven or reactive…

Advanced machine learning algorithms require platforms that are extremely robust and equipped with rich sensory feedback to handle extensive trial-and-error learning without relying on strong inductive biases. Traditional robotic designs,…

As part of understanding how the brain learns, ongoing work seeks to combine biological knowledge and current artificial intelligence (AI) modeling in an attempt to find an efficient biologically plausible learning scheme. Current models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Roy Abel , Shimon Ullman

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly central to understanding how the brain processes information. However, the integration of neuroscience and modern AI is bottlenecked by a fragmented software ecosystem. Current tools are siloed…

A key element of the European Union's Human Brain Project (HBP) and other large-scale brain research projects is simulation of large-scale model networks of neurons. Here we argue why such simulations will likely be indispensable for…

The neural mechanisms supporting flexible relational inferences, especially in novel situations, are a major focus of current research. In the complementary learning systems framework, pattern separation in the hippocampus allows rapid…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-20 Jacob Russin , Maryam Zolfaghar , Seongmin A. Park , Erie Boorman , Randall C. O'Reilly

Multimodal reasoning is a critical component in the pursuit of artificial intelligence systems that exhibit human-like intelligence, especially when tackling complex tasks. While the chain-of-thought (CoT) technique has gained considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jingxuan Wei , Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo , Stan Z. Li

The integration of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), in particular electroencephalography (EEG), with artificial intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous promise in decoding human cognition and behavior from neural signals. In particular, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nie Lin , Yansen Wang , Dongqi Han , Weibang Jiang , Jingyuan Li , Ryosuke Furuta , Yoichi Sato , Dongsheng Li

The ability of a machine to communicate with humans has long been associated with the general success of AI. This dates back to Alan Turing's epoch-making work in the early 1950s, which proposes that a machine's intelligence can be tested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Jiwei Li

Supporting the current trend in the AI community, we present the AI Journey 2021 Challenge called Fusion Brain, the first competition which is targeted to make the universal architecture which could process different modalities (in this…

From its inception, AI has had a rather ambivalent relationship to humans---swinging between their augmentation and replacement. Now, as AI technologies enter our everyday lives at an ever increasing pace, there is a greater need for AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Subbarao Kambhampati

Human computer interaction is shifting from screen-based systems to multimodal interfaces where artificial intelligence powered systems increasingly interpret user intent through speech, gesture, and gaze. Yet users rarely understand how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ankur Bhatt , Sven Mayer