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Despite significant progress in continual learning ranging from architectural novelty to clever strategies for mitigating catastrophic forgetting most existing methods rest on a strong but unrealistic assumption the availability of labeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , K S Ananth , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires a learning system to continually learn new classes without forgetting. Existing pre-trained model-based CIL methods often freeze the pre-trained network and adapt to incremental tasks using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yan Wang , Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires a learning system to continually learn new classes without forgetting. Despite the strong performance of Pre-Trained Models (PTMs) in CIL, a critical issue persists: learning new classes often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Da-Wei Zhou , Hai-Long Sun , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) occurs when a neural network loses the information previously learned while training on a set of samples from a different distribution, i.e., a new task. Existing approaches have achieved remarkable results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

Multi-domain task-incremental learning requires a model to sequentially acquire knowledge across visually diverse domains without forgetting prior tasks, and without access to task identity at inference. Parameter-efficient methods built on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sriram Mandalika

Class incremental semantic segmentation (CISS) aims to segment new classes during continual steps while preventing the forgetting of old knowledge. Existing methods alleviate catastrophic forgetting by replaying distributions of previously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Guilin Zhu , Dongyue Wu , Changxin Gao , Runmin Wang , Weidong Yang , Nong Sang

Deep model merging represents an emerging research direction that combines multiple fine-tuned models to harness their specialized capabilities across different tasks and domains. Current model merging techniques focus on merging all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Anke Tang , Enneng Yang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning (FSCIL) is crucial for adapting to the complex open-world environments. Contemporary prospective learning-based space construction methods struggle to balance old and new knowledge, as prototype bias and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qinzhe Wang , Zixuan Chen , Keke Huang , Xiu Su , Chunhua Yang , Chang Xu

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to learn new classes without forgetting old ones. A common method is to freeze a pre-trained model and train a new, lightweight adapter for each task. While this prevents forgetting, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ruiqi Liu , Boyu Diao , Hangda Liu , Zhulin An , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) is challenging due to catastrophic forgetting. On top of that, Exemplar-free Class Incremental Learning is even more challenging due to forbidden access to previous task data. Recent exemplar-free CIL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zichong Meng , Jie Zhang , Changdi Yang , Zheng Zhan , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn a classification model with the number of classes increasing phase-by-phase. An inherent problem in CIL is the stability-plasticity dilemma between the learning of old and new classes, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Unlike traditional Multimodal Class-Incremental Learning (MCIL) methods that focus only on vision and text, this paper explores MCIL across vision, audio and text modalities, addressing challenges in integrating complementary information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yukun Chen , Zihuan Qiu , Fanman Meng , Hongliang Li , Linfeng Xu , Qingbo Wu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to acquire new classes over time while retaining prior knowledge, yet most setups and methods assume balanced task streams. In practice, the number of classes per task often varies significantly. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xiaoyan Zhang , Jiangpeng He

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously acquire new classes without forgetting previously learned ones. A dominant paradigm involves freezing a pre-trained model and training lightweight, task-specific adapters.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruiqi Liu , Boyu Diao , Zijia An , Zhulin An , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu

Class incremental learning(CIL) has attracted much attention, but most existing related works focus on fine-tuning the entire representation model, which inevitably results in much catastrophic forgetting. In the contrast, with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Jieren Deng , Jianhua Hu , Haojian Zhang , Yunkuan Wang

Continual learning is crucial for applying machine learning in challenging, dynamic, and often resource-constrained environments. However, catastrophic forgetting - overwriting previously learned knowledge when new information is acquired -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Filip Szatkowski , Yaoyue Zheng , Fei Yang , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński , Joost van de Weijer

Continual learning (CL) is essential for deploying large language models (LLMs) in dynamic real-world environments without the need for costly retraining. Recent model merging-based methods have attracted significant attention, but they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yujie Feng , Jian Li , Xiaoyu Dong , Pengfei Xu , Xiaohui Zhou , Yujia Zhang , Zexin LU , Yasha Wang , Alan Zhao , Xu Chu , Xiao-Ming Wu

In real-world applications, dynamic scenarios require the models to possess the capability to learn new tasks continuously without forgetting the old knowledge. Experience-Replay methods store a subset of the old images for joint training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Yuhang He , Xing Wei , Yihong Gong

Class-incremental learning (CIL) requires deep learning models to continuously acquire new knowledge from streaming data while preserving previously learned information. Recently, CIL based on pre-trained models (PTMs) has achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linjie Li , Zhenyu Wu , Yang Ji