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Reinforcement learning (RL) systems typically optimize scalar reward functions that assume precise and reliable evaluation of outcomes. However, real-world objectives--especially those derived from human preferences--are often uncertain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Disha Singha

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) must resolve conflicts when different modalities provide contradictory information, a process we term modality following. Prior work measured this behavior only with coarse dataset-level statistics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhuoran Zhang , Tengyue Wang , Xilin Gong , Yang Shi , Haotian Wang , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

This paper introduces a lightweight uncertainty estimator capable of predicting multimodal (disjoint) uncertainty bounds by integrating conformal prediction with a deep-learning regressor. We specifically discuss its application for visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Domenico Parente , Nastaran Darabi , Alex C. Stutts , Theja Tulabandhula , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Multimodal fusion integrates the complementary information present in multiple modalities and has gained much attention recently. Most existing fusion approaches either learn a fixed fusion strategy during training and inference, or are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Jinhong Ni , Yalong Bai , Wei Zhang , Ting Yao , Tao Mei

Misinformation on the web increasingly appears in multimodal forms, combining text, images, and OCR-rendered content in ways that amplify harm to public trust and vulnerable communities. While prior fact-checking systems often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aditya Kishore , Gaurav Kumar , Jasabanta Patro

Decision Focused Learning has emerged as a critical paradigm for integrating machine learning with downstream optimisation. Despite its promise, existing methodologies predominantly rely on probabilistic models and focus narrowly on task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Keivan Shariatmadar , Neil Yorke-Smith , Ahmad Osman , Fabio Cuzzolin , Hans Hallez , David Moens

Multimodal learning aims to imitate human beings to acquire complementary information from multiple modalities for various downstream tasks. However, traditional aggregation-based multimodal fusion methods ignore the inter-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Heqing Zou , Meng Shen , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Deepu Rajan , Eng Siong Chng

Multimodal emotion recognition (MER) benefits from combining text, audio, and vision, yet standard fusion often fails when modalities conflict. Crucially, conflicts differ in resolvability: benign conflicts stem from missing, weak, or…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yangchen Yu , Qian Chen , Jia Li , Zhenzhen Hu , Jinpeng Hu , Lizi Liao , Erik Cambria , Richang Hong

Multimodal fusion leverages information across modalities to learn better feature representations with the goal of improving performance in fusion-based tasks. However, multimodal datasets, especially in medical settings, are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Farah E. Shamout

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the potential to dramatically improve patient care. However, it is not infallible, necessitating human-AI-collaboration to ensure safe implementation. One aspect of AI safety is the models' ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Anna M. Wundram , Christian F. Baumgartner

Multimodal learning enhances the perceptual capabilities of cognitive systems by integrating information from different sensory modalities. However, existing multimodal fusion research typically assumes static integration, not fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Xiang He , Dongcheng Zhao , Yang Li , Qingqun Kong , Xin Yang , Yi Zeng

Deep learning models frequently encounter feature uncertainty in diverse learning scenarios, significantly impacting their performance and reliability. This challenge is particularly complex in multi-modal scenarios, where models must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jiahao Qin , Bei Peng , Feng Liu , Guangliang Cheng , Lu Zong

The transductive inference is an effective technique in the few-shot learning task, where query sets update prototypes to improve themselves. However, these methods optimize the model by considering only the classification scores of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Minglei Yuan , Qian Xu , Chunhao Cai , Yin-Dong Zheng , Tao Wang , Tong Lu

Multimodal sentiment analysis in federated learning environments faces significant challenges due to missing modalities, heterogeneous data distributions, and unreliable client updates. Existing federated approaches often struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xianxun Zhu , Zezhong Sun , Imad Rida , Erik Cambria , Junqi Su , Rui Wang , Hui Chen

With the advancement of artificial intelligence and computer vision technologies, multimodal emotion recognition has become a prominent research topic. However, existing methods face challenges such as heterogeneous data fusion and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wei Dai , Dequan Zheng , Feng Yu , Yanrong Zhang , Yaohui Hou

Multi-Modal Learning (MML) integrates information from diverse modalities to improve predictive accuracy. While existing optimization strategies have made significant strides by mitigating gradient direction conflicts, we revisit MML from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Peizheng Guo , Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Jiahuan Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

This work proposes a novel and simple sequential learning strategy to train models on videos and texts for multimodal sentiment analysis. To estimate sentiment polarities on unseen out-of-distribution data, we introduce a multimodal model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xianbing Zhao , Lizhen Qu , Tao Feng , Jianfei Cai , Buzhou Tang

An important paradigm in 3D object detection is the use of multiple modalities to enhance accuracy in both normal and challenging conditions, particularly for long-tail scenarios. To address this, recent studies have explored two directions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Minkyoung Cho , Yulong Cao , Jiachen Sun , Qingzhao Zhang , Marco Pavone , Jeong Joon Park , Heng Yang , Z. Morley Mao

To overcome the imbalanced multimodal learning problem, where models prefer the training of specific modalities, existing methods propose to control the training of uni-modal encoders from different perspectives, taking the inter-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yake Wei , Siwei Li , Ruoxuan Feng , Di Hu

Multimodal deep learning systems which employ multiple modalities like text, image, audio, video, etc., are showing better performance in comparison with individual modalities (i.e., unimodal) systems. Multimodal machine learning involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Anil Rahate , Rahee Walambe , Sheela Ramanna , Ketan Kotecha