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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, e.g., medical question-answering, mathematical sciences, and code generation. However, they also exhibit inherent limitations, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yang Jiao , Xiaodong Wang , Kai Yang

Large language models (LLMs) need knowledge updates to meet the ever-growing world facts and correct the hallucinated responses, facilitating the methods of lifelong model editing. Where the updated knowledge resides in memories is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Peng Wang , Zexi Li , Ningyu Zhang , Ziwen Xu , Yunzhi Yao , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Knowledge editing aims to update outdated information in Large Language Models (LLMs). A representative line of study is locate-then-edit methods, which typically employ causal tracing to identify the modules responsible for recalling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Haowen Pan , Xiaozhi Wang , Yixin Cao , Zenglin Shi , Xun Yang , Juanzi Li , Meng Wang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

Large language models are often expected to constantly adapt to new sources of knowledge and knowledge editing techniques aim to efficiently patch the outdated model knowledge, with minimal modification. Most prior works focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Aditi Khandelwal , Harman Singh , Hengrui Gu , Tianlong Chen , Kaixiong Zhou

Large Language Models~(LLMs) struggle with providing current information due to the outdated pre-training data. Existing methods for updating LLMs, such as knowledge editing and continual fine-tuning, have significant drawbacks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Pengfei Yu , Heng Ji

Model editing aims to correct inaccurate knowledge, update outdated information, and incorporate new data into Large Language Models (LLMs) without the need for retraining. This task poses challenges in lifelong scenarios where edits must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Qizhou Chen , Chengyu Wang , Dakan Wang , Taolin Zhang , Wangyue Li , Xiaofeng He

Large Language Models (LLMs) often retain inaccurate or outdated information from pre-training, leading to incorrect predictions or biased outputs during inference. While existing model editing methods can address this challenge, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xin Liu , Qiyang Song , Shaowen Xu , Kerou Zhou , Wenbo Jiang , Xiaoqi Jia , Weijuan Zhang , Heqing Huang , Yakai Li

Regular updates are essential for maintaining up-to-date knowledge in large language models (LLMs). Consequently, various model editing methods have been developed to update specific knowledge within LLMs. However, training-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yujie Feng , Liming Zhan , Zexin Lu , Yongxin Xu , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang , Jiannong Cao , Philip S. Yu , Xiao-Ming Wu

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with maintaining accurate knowledge due to conflicting/outdated parametric memories. While locate-and-edit methods address this, their reliance on models' internal representations leads to robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jianhao Yan , Futing Wang , Yun Luo , Yafu Li , Yue Zhang

Model editing, the process of efficiently modifying factual knowledge in pre-trained language models, is critical for maintaining their accuracy and relevance. However, existing editing methods often introduce unintended side effects,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tsung-Hsuan Pan , Chung-Chi Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Retrieval augmentation has become an effective solution to empower large language models (LLMs) with external and verified knowledge sources from the database, which overcomes the limitations and hallucinations of LLMs in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tong Wu , Yulei Qin , Enwei Zhang , Zihan Xu , Yuting Gao , Ke Li , Xing Sun

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Lifelong knowledge editing enables continuous, precise updates to outdated knowledge in large language models (LLMs) without computationally expensive full retraining. However, existing methods often accumulate errors throughout the editing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jinzhe Liu , Junshu Sun , Shufan Shen , Chenxue Yang , Shuhui Wang

Knowledge graphs and large language models (LLMs) are key tools for biomedical knowledge integration and reasoning, facilitating structured organization of scientific articles and discovery of complex semantic relationships. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yichun Feng , Jiawei Wang , Ruikun He , Lu Zhou , Yixue Li

Large language models (LLMs) acquire knowledge across diverse domains such as science, history, and geography encountered during generative pre-training. However, due to their stochasticity, it is difficult to predict what LLMs have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kartik Sharma , Yiqiao Jin , Rakshit Trivedi , Srijan Kumar

Answering complex real-world questions requires step-by-step retrieval and integration of relevant information to generate well-grounded responses. However, existing knowledge distillation methods overlook the need for different reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kyumin Lee , Minjin Jeon , Sanghwan Jang , Hwanjo Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a promising approach to robust and explainable Question Answering (QA). While LLMs excel at natural language understanding, they suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jasper Linders , Jakub M. Tomczak

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), while effectively integrating external knowledge to address the inherent limitations of large language models (LLMs), can be hindered by imperfect retrieval that contain irrelevant, misleading, or even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fei Wang , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arık