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Rapid adoption of machine learning (ML) technologies has led to a surge in power consumption across diverse systems, from tiny IoT devices to massive datacenter clusters. Benchmarking the energy efficiency of these systems is crucial for…

Recent technological advances have greatly improved the performance and features of embedded systems. With the number of just mobile devices now reaching nearly equal to the population of earth, embedded systems have truly become…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Sparsh Mittal

Scientific research in many fields routinely requires the analysis of large datasets, and scientists often employ workflow systems to leverage clusters of computers for their data analysis. However, due to their size and scale, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lauritz Thamsen , Yehia Elkhatib , Paul Harvey , Syed Waqar Nabi , Jeremy Singer , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Today, deep learning optimization is primarily driven by research focused on achieving high inference accuracy and reducing latency. However, the energy efficiency aspect is often overlooked, possibly due to a lack of sustainability mindset…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaolong Tu , Anik Mallik , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han , Onur Altintas , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie

While climate models provide insights for climate decision-making, their use is constrained by significant computational and technical demands. Although machine learning (ML) emulators offer a way to bypass the high computational costs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Luca Schmidt , Nina Effenberger

The computation demand for machine learning (ML) has grown rapidly recently, which comes with a number of costs. Estimating the energy cost helps measure its environmental impact and finding greener strategies, yet it is challenging without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 David Patterson , Joseph Gonzalez , Quoc Le , Chen Liang , Lluis-Miquel Munguia , Daniel Rothchild , David So , Maud Texier , Jeff Dean

From an environmental standpoint, there are a few crucial aspects of training a neural network that have a major impact on the quantity of carbon that it emits. These factors include: the location of the server used for training and the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Alexandre Lacoste , Alexandra Luccioni , Victor Schmidt , Thomas Dandres

The reliability of machine learning (ML) software systems is heavily influenced by changes in data over time. For that reason, ML systems require regular maintenance, typically based on model retraining. However, retraining requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Lorena Poenaru-Olaru , June Sallou , Luis Cruz , Jan Rellermeyer , Arie van Deursen

Deep learning (DL) can achieve impressive results across a wide variety of tasks, but this often comes at the cost of training models for extensive periods on specialized hardware accelerators. This energy-intensive workload has seen…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Lasse F. Wolff Anthony , Benjamin Kanding , Raghavendra Selvan

Deep learning models have revolutionized various fields, from image recognition to natural language processing, by achieving unprecedented levels of accuracy. However, their increasing energy consumption has raised concerns about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Shreyank N Gowda , Xinyue Hao , Gen Li , Shashank Narayana Gowda , Xiaobo Jin , Laura Sevilla-Lara

Although machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) present fascinating opportunities for innovation, their rapid development is also significantly impacting our environment. In response to growing resource-awareness in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Raphael Fischer

The carbon footprint of algorithms must be measured and transparently reported so computer scientists can take an honest and active role in environmental sustainability. In this paper, we take analyses usually applied at the industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Kadan Lottick , Silvia Susai , Sorelle A. Friedler , Jonathan P. Wilson

Robustly estimating energy consumption in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is essential for assessing the energy footprint of modern workloads, particularly in fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, development, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Luis G. León-Vega , Niccolò Tosato , Stefano Cozzini

The transition to sustainable energy is a key challenge of our time, requiring modifications in the entire pipeline of energy production, storage, transmission, and consumption. At every stage, new sequential decision-making challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Koen Ponse , Felix Kleuker , Márton Fejér , Álvaro Serra-Gómez , Aske Plaat , Thomas Moerland

The energy consumption of deep learning models is increasing at a breathtaking rate, which raises concerns due to potential negative effects on carbon neutrality in the context of global warming and climate change. With the progress of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Bo Li , Xinyang Jiang , Donglin Bai , Yuge Zhang , Ningxin Zheng , Xuanyi Dong , Lu Liu , Yuqing Yang , Dongsheng Li

The advent of larger machine learning (ML) models have improved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in various modeling tasks, ranging from computer vision to natural language. As ML models continue increasing in size, so does their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Omar Shaikh , Jon Saad-Falcon , Austin P Wright , Nilaksh Das , Scott Freitas , Omar Isaac Asensio , Duen Horng Chau

Energy is now a first-class design constraint along with performance in all computing settings. Energy predictive modelling based on performance monitoring counts (PMCs) is the leading method used for prediction of energy consumption during…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Arsalan Shahid , Muhammad Fahad , Ravi Reddy Manumachu , Alexey Lastovetsky

Buildings account for a substantial portion of global energy consumption. Reducing buildings' energy usage primarily involves obtaining data from building systems and environment, which are instrumental in assessing and optimizing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Miracle Aniakor , Vinicius V. Cogo , Pedro M. Ferreira

Climate change has become a major problem for humanity in the last two decades. One of the reasons that caused it, is our daily energy waste. People consume electricity in order to use home/work appliances and devices and also reach certain…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Stavros Mischos , Eleanna Dalagdi , Dimitris Vrakas

The environmental impact of video streaming services has been discussed as part of the strategies towards sustainable information and communication technologies. A first step towards that is the energy profiling and assessment of energy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-20 Angeliki Katsenou , Xinyi Wang , Daniel Schien , David Bull