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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a puzzling disparity in their formal linguistic competence: while they learn some linguistic phenomena with near-perfect mastery, they often perform below chance on others, even after training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 H S V N S Kowndinya Renduchintala , Sumit Bhatia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks, yet they often struggle with problems involving missing information, exhibiting issues such as incomplete responses, factual errors, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuxin Liu , Chaojie Gu , Yihang Zhang , Bin Qian , Shibo He

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their propensity for hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect or fabricated content, remains a critical challenge. This report provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Manuel Cossio

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely applied to downstream domains. However, current LLMs for high-stakes domain tasks, such as financial investment and legal QA, typically generate brief answers without reasoning processes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xu Chu , Zhijie Tan , Hanlin Xue , Guanyu Wang , Tong Mo , Weiping Li

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Currently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results in machine translation. However, their performance in multi-domain translation (MDT) is less satisfactory, the meanings of words can vary across different domains,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhibo Man , Yuanmeng Chen , Yujie Zhang , Jinan Xu

Recent advances in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to large language models (LLMs) have led to substantial progress. In particular, a series of remarkable yet often counterintuitive phenomena have been reported in LLMs, exhibiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Haoze Wu , Cheng Wang , Wenshuo Zhao , Junxian He

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, with GPT models at the forefront. While their remarkable performance spans a range of tasks, adapting LLMs for real-world business scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Minh-Tien Nguyen , Duy-Hung Nguyen , Shahab Sabahi , Hung Le , Jeff Yang , Hajime Hotta

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT3.5, GPT4 and LLAMA2 perform surprisingly well and outperform human experts on many tasks. However, in many domain-specific evaluations, these LLMs often suffer from hallucination problems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuqi Wang , Boran Jiang , Yi Luo , Dawei He , Peng Cheng , Liangcai Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great capabilities across diverse natural language tasks; yet their ability to solve abstraction and optimization problems with constraints remains scarcely explored. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Fabien Bernier , Salah Ghamizi , Pantelis Dogoulis , Maxime Cordy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have acquired ubiquitous attention for their performances across diverse domains. Our study here searches through LLMs' cognitive abilities and confidence dynamics. We dive deep into understanding the alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Aniket Kumar Singh , Suman Devkota , Bishal Lamichhane , Uttam Dhakal , Chandra Dhakal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in various applications, but they still face various inconsistency issues. Existing works primarily focus on the inconsistency issues within a single LLM, while we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Work on scaling laws has found that large language models (LMs) show predictable improvements to overall loss with increased scale (model size, training data, and compute). Here, we present evidence for the claim that LMs may show inverse…

In recent years, groundbreaking advancements in natural language processing have culminated in the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs), which have showcased remarkable capabilities across a vast array of domains, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Microsoft Research AI4Science , Microsoft Azure Quantum

Recent advances in the performance of large language models (LLMs) have sparked debate over whether, given sufficient training, high-level human abilities emerge in such generic forms of artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the exceptional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Nicholas Ichien , Dušan Stamenković , Keith J. Holyoak

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key method for improving Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet recent evidence suggests it may paradoxically shrink the reasoning boundary rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Phuc Minh Nguyen , Chinh D. La , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Nitesh V. Chawla , Binh T. Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have shown significant advancements across diverse natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, including intelligent dialogue and autonomous agents. Yet, lacking widely acknowledged testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jinyang Wu , Feihu Che , Xinxin Zheng , Shuai Zhang , Ruihan Jin , Shuai Nie , Pengpeng Shao , Jianhua Tao
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