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The Ramsey number $\mathrm{R}(G_1,G_2)$ is the smallest integer $N$ such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains either a red copy of $G_1$ or a blue copy of $G_2$. In 2022, the third author and others…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Maoxuan Li , Masaki Kashima , Yaping Mao

The size Ramsey number $\hat{r}(F)$ of a graph $F$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ on $m$ edges with the property that any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours yields a monochromatic copy of $F$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Andrzej Dudek , Pawel Pralat

We study quantitative aspects of the following fact: For every graph $F$, there exists a graph $G$ with the property that any $2$-coloring of the triangles of $G$ yields an induced copy of $F$, in which all triangles are monochromatic. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Ayush Basu , Vojtěch Rödl , Marcelo Sales

For graphs $G_0$, $G_1$ and $G_2$, write $G_0\longmapsto(G_1, G_2)$ if each red-blue-edge-coloring of $G_0$ yields a red $G_1$ or a blue $G_2$. The Ramsey number $r(G_1, G_2)$ is the minimum number $n$ such that the complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Yiran Zhang , Yuejian Peng

A graph $G$ is $q$-Ramsey for another graph $H$ if in any $q$-edge-colouring of $G$ there is a monochromatic copy of $H$, and the classic Ramsey problem asks for the minimum number of vertices in such a graph. This was broadened in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Simona Boyadzhiyska , Dennis Clemens , Shagnik Das , Pranshu Gupta

Let $p$ be a prime number and let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. The zero-sum Ramsey number of $G$ over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, denoted by $R(G, \mathbb{Z}_p)$, is the minimum $\ell\in \mathbb{N}$ such that for any edge-coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Andrey Shapiro

The induced Ramsey number $r_{\mathrm{ind}}(F)$ of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ is the smallest natural number $n$ for which there exists a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$ on $n$ vertices such that every two-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-01 David Conlon , Domingos Dellamonica , Steven La Fleur , Vojtěch Rödl , Mathias Schacht

For graphs $G_1, G_2, G_3$, the three-color Ramsey number $R(G_1,$ $G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Janusz Dybizbański , Tomasz Dzido , Stanisław Radziszowski

We estimate the $3$-colour bipartite Ramsey number for balanced bipartite graphs $H$ with small bandwidth and bounded maximum degree. More precisely, we show that the minimum value of $N$ such that in any $3$-edge colouring of $K_{N,N}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-10 Guilherme Oliveira Mota

Given a hypergraph $H$, the size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}_2(H)$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$ edges with the property that in any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Jie Han , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Shoham Letzter , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Olaf Parczyk

In a $(G^1,G^2)$ coloring of a graph $G$, every edge of $G$ is in $G^1$ or $G^2$. For two bipartite graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, the bipartite Ramsey number $BR(H_1, H_2)$ is the least integer $b\geq 1$, such that for every $(G^1, G^2)$ coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Yaser Rowshan

The set-colouring Ramsey number $R_{r,s}(k)$ is defined to be the minimum $n$ such that if each edge of the complete graph $K_n$ is assigned a set of $s$ colours from $\{1,\ldots,r\}$, then one of the colours contains a monochromatic clique…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Lucas Aragão , Maurício Collares , João Pedro Marciano , Taísa Martins , Robert Morris

Let $H\xrightarrow{s} G$ denote that any edge-coloring of $H$ by $s$ colors contains a monochromatic $G$. The degree Ramsey number $r_{\Delta}(G;s)$ is defined to be $\min\{\Delta(H):H\xrightarrow{s} G\}$, and the degree bipartite Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Ye Wang , Yusheng Li , Yan Li

Let $r,\ell\geq2$ be integers. Given $r$-graphs $G$ and $F_1,\dots,F_\ell$, we write $G\to(F_1,\dots,F_\ell)$ if every $\ell$-edge-coloring of $G$ yields a monochromatic copy of $F_i$ in the $i$th color for some $1\leq i\leq\ell$, otherwise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Vladimir Sviridenkov

Ramsey's Theorem states that a graph $G$ has bounded order if and only if $G$ contains no complete graph $K_n$ or empty graph $E_n$ as its induced subgraph. The Gy\'arf\'as-Sumner conjecture says that a graph $G$ has bounded chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Jin Sun , Xinmin Hou

Bipartite Ramsey numbers is the smallest size of a complete bipartite graph $K_{N,N}$ such that every edge-coloring with a given number of colors inevitably yields a monochromatic copy of a prescribed bipartite graph. While exact values…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Meng Ji

Let $r(G,H)$ be the smallest integer $N$ such that for any $2$-coloring (say, red and blue) of the edges of $K\_n$, $n\geqslant N$, there is either a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. Let $K\_n-K\_{1,s}$ be the complete graph on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jonathan Chappelon , Luis Pedro Montejano , Jorge Ramírez Alfonsín

The canonical Ramsey theorem of Erd\H{o}s and Rado implies that for any graph $H$, any edge-coloring (with an arbitrary number of colors) of a sufficiently large complete graph $K_N$ contains a monochromatic, lexicographic, or rainbow copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Lior Gishboliner , Aleksa Milojević , Benny Sudakov , Yuval Wigderson

Erd\H{o}s and Rado [P. Erd\H{o}s, R. Rado, A combinatorial theorem, Journal of the London Mathematical Society 25 (4) (1950) 249-255] introduced the Canonical Ramsey numbers $\text{er}(t)$ as the minimum number $n$ such that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Igor Araujo , Dadong Peng

Let $G_1, G_2, ..., G_t$ be graphs. The multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_1, G_2, ..., G_t)$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that if the edges of complete graph $K_n$ are partitioned into $t$ disjoint color classes giving $t$ graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Leila Maherani , Gholamreza Omidi , Ghaffar Raeisi , Maryam Shahsiah
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