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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most practical applications in quantum information processing, which can generate information-theoretical secure keys between remote parties. With the help of the wavelength-division multiplexing…

Space-division multiplexing using multimode optical fibers has been applied to quantum-level signals with time-bin and phase encoding, achieving Mqubits per second over 8 km of few-mode fiber. The dead time of single-photon detectors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Mario Zitelli

We present the first quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment over multicore fiber. With space division multiplexing, we demonstrate that weak QKD signals can coexist with classical data signals launched at full power in a 53 km 7-core…

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical signals in a seven-core fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Quantum signals are transmitted in an outer core separately and intercore crosstalk (IC-XT) is the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Chun Cai , Yongmei Sun , Yongrui Zhang , Peng Zhang , Jianing Niu , Yuefeng Ji

Covert communication offers a method to transmit messages in such a way that it is not possible to detect that the communication is happening at all. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of covert communication that is…

Many quantum communication systems operate based on weak light pulses which by design are assumed to operate in isolation from regular data traffic. With the widespread availability and commercialization of these systems comes a need for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-28 Sumit Chaudhary , Shahram Dehdashti , Igor Litvin , Janis Nötzel

In this paper, we study the feasibility of conducting quantum key distribution (QKD) together with classical communication through the same optical fiber by employing dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) technology at telecom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Bing Qi , Wen Zhu , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We demonstrate the multiplexing of a classical coherent and a quantum state of light in a single telecommunciation fiber. For this purpose we make use of spontaneous parametric down conversion and quantum frequency conversion to generate…

A major challenge of today's quantum communication systems lies in the transmission of quantum information with high rates over long distances in the presence of unavoidable losses. Thereby the achievable quantum communication rate is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-22 Andreas Christ , Cosmo Lupo , Christine Silberhorn

In the age of information explosion, the conventional optical communication protocols are rapidly reaching the limits of their capacity, as almost all available degrees of freedom (e.g., wavelength, polarization) for division multiplexing…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-30 Xin Liu , Sergey A. Ponomarenko , Fei Wang , Yangjian Cai , Chunhao Liang

We report a model to evaluate the performance of multiple quantum key distribution (QKD) channel transmission using spatial division multiplexing (SDM) in multicore (MCF) and few-mode fibers (FMF). The model is then used to analyze the…

Near-term quantum networks face a bottleneck due to low quantum communication rates. This degrades performance both by lowering operating speeds and increasing qubit storage time in noisy memories, making some quantum internet applications…

A critical aspect of next-generation wireless networks is the integration of quantum communications to guard against quantum computing threats to classical networks. Despite successful experimental demonstrations, integrating quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Phuc V. Trinh , Shinya Sugiura , Carlo Ottaviani , Chao Xu , Lajos Hanzo

Network integration of quantum key distribution is crucial for its future widespread deployment due to the high cost of using optical fibers dedicated for the quantum channel, only. We studied the performance of a system running a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Fadri Grünenfelder , Rebecka Sax , Alberto Boaron , Hugo Zbinden

Quantum communication implementations require efficient and reliable quantum channels. Optical fibers have proven to be an ideal candidate for distributing quantum states. Thus, today's efforts address overcoming issues towards high data…

Significant effort in optical-fiber research has been put in recent years into realizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to enable further scaling of the communication bandwidth…

This paper proposes two new full-duplex quantum communication protocols to exchange classical or quantum information between two remote parties simultaneously without transferring a physical particle over the quantum channel. The first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-28 Fakhar Zaman , Hyundong Shin , Moe Z. Win

We study the problem of decoding classical information encoded on quantum states at the output of a quantum channel, with particular focus on increasing the communication rates towards the maximum allowed by Quantum Mechanics. After a brief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Matteo Rosati

The development of prototype metropolitan-scale quantum networks is underway and entails transmitting quantum information via single photons through deployed optical fibers spanning several tens of kilometers. The major challenges in…

A natural choice for quantum communication is to use the relative phase between two paths of a single-photon for information encoding. This method was nevertheless quickly identified as impractical over long distances and thus a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-06 A. Alarcón , J. Argillander , G. Lima , G. B. Xavier
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