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Language-guided active sensing is a robotics subtask where a robot with an onboard sensor interacts efficiently with the environment via object manipulation to maximize perceptual information, following given language instructions. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Weihan Chen , Hanwen Ren , Ahmed H. Qureshi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable image-language capabilities, but their widespread use faces challenges in cost-effective training and adaptation. Existing approaches often necessitate expensive language model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O. Arik , Tejas Nama , Tomas Pfister

While Large Language Models (LLM) enable non-experts to specify open-world multi-robot tasks, the generated plans often lack kinematic feasibility and are not efficient, especially in long-horizon scenarios. Formal methods like Linear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shuyuan Hu , Tao Lin , Kai Ye , Yang Yang , Tianwei Zhang

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently attracted significant attention as it bridges AI with the physical world. Modern embodied AI systems often combine a Large Language Model (LLM)-based planner for high-level task planning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tong Xie , Yijiahao Qi , Jinqi Wen , Zishen Wan , Yanchi Dong , Zihao Wang , Shaofei Cai , Yitao Liang , Tianyu Jia , Yuan Wang , Runsheng Wang , Meng Li

When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to replace the human planner, but to facilitate an iterative reasoning and elicitation process, where the human's role is to guide the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Guilhem Fouilhé , Rebecca Eifler , Antonin Poché , Sylvie Thiébaux , Nicholas Asher

Embodied intelligence, a grand challenge in artificial intelligence, is fundamentally constrained by the limited spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities of current models. Prevailing efforts to address this through enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhi Helu , Huang Jingjing , Xu Wang , Xu Yangbin , Zhang Wanyue , Jiang Baoyang , Deng Shirui , Zhu Liang , Li Fangfang , Zhao Tiejun , Lin Yankai , Yao Yuan

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have become popular tools for embodied high-level planning. However, their deployment in black-box settings often leads to unpredictable or costly errors. To harness their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hao Wang , Sathwik Karnik , Bea Lim , Somil Bansal

Robust coordination is critical for effective decision-making in multi-agent systems, especially under partial observability. A central question in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is whether to engineer communication protocols or…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Brennen A. Hill , Mant Koh En Wei , Thangavel Jishnuanandh

Vision-and-language navigation requires an agent to navigate through a real 3D environment following natural language instructions. Despite significant advances, few previous works are able to fully utilize the strong correspondence between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yicong Hong , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Qi Wu , Stephen Gould

Layered architectures have been widely used in robot systems. The majority of them implement planning and execution functions in separate layers. However, there still lacks a straightforward way to transit high-level tasks in the planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yue Cao , C. S. George Lee

For effective human-robot interaction, robots need to understand, plan, and execute complex, long-horizon tasks described by natural language. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for translating natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Charles Dawson , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

This paper focuses on robotic reinforcement learning with sparse rewards for natural language goal representations. An open problem is the sample-inefficiency that stems from the compositionality of natural language, and from the grounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Frank Röder , Manfred Eppe , Stefan Wermter

Methods that use Large Language Models (LLM) as planners for embodied instruction following tasks have become widespread. To successfully complete tasks, the LLM must be grounded in the environment in which the robot operates. One solution…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Anatoly O. Onishchenko , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

In the context of visual navigation, the capacity to map a novel environment is necessary for an agent to exploit its observation history in the considered place and efficiently reach known goals. This ability can be associated with spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pierre Marza , Laetitia Matignon , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

Multi-robot task planning requires decomposing natural-language instructions into executable actions for heterogeneous robot teams. Conventional Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) planners provide rigorous guarantees but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tomoya Kawabe , Rin Takano

Recent studies in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) train RL agents to execute natural-language navigation instructions in photorealistic environments, as a step towards robots that can follow human instructions. However, given the…

Large language models (LLMs) encode a vast amount of semantic knowledge and possess remarkable understanding and reasoning capabilities. Previous work has explored how to ground LLMs in robotic tasks to generate feasible and executable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yanjiang Guo , Yen-Jen Wang , Lihan Zha , Jianyu Chen

Enabling robots to explore and act in unfamiliar environments under ambiguous human instructions by interactively identifying task-relevant objects (e.g., identifying cups or beverages for "I'm thirsty") remains challenging for existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hengxuan Xu , Fengbo Lan , Zhixin Zhao , Shengjie Wang , Mengqiao Liu , Jieqian Sun , Yu Cheng , Tao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate natural language explanations (NLE) that are adapted to different users' situations. However, there is yet to be a quantitative evaluation of the extent of such adaptation. To bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Pengshuo Qiu , Frank Rudzicz , Zining Zhu
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