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In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, two-qubit gates in quantum circuits are more susceptible to noise than single-qubit gates. Therefore, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is crucial for improving circuit efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Kai Chen , Wen Liu , GuoSheng Xu , Yangzhi Li , Maoduo Li , Shouli He

Early but promising results in quantum computing have been enabled by the concurrent development of quantum algorithms, devices, and materials. Classical simulation of quantum programs has enabled the design and analysis of algorithms and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Bo Fang , M. Yusuf Özkaya , Ang Li , Ümit V. Çatalyürek , Sriram Krishnamoorthy

Building on recent advances in quantum algorithms which measure and reuse qubits and in efficient classical simulation leveraging projective measurements, we extend these frameworks to real-time dynamics of quantum many-body systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Bo Xiao , Benedikt Kloss , E. Miles Stoudenmire

Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

Fermionic Gaussian circuits can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer, but become universal when supplemented with non-Gaussian operations. Similar to stabilizer circuits augmented with non-stabilizer resources, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Beatriz Dias , Jan Lukas Bosse , James R. Seddon

Quantum circuits are considered more powerful than classical circuits and require exponential resources to simulate classically. Clifford circuits are a special class of quantum circuits that can be simulated in polynomial time but still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yuchen Pang , Edgar Solomonik

A key challenge in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers is circuit optimization. Focusing on the most expensive gates in fault-tolerant quantum computation (namely, the T gates), we address the problem of T-count optimization, i.e.,…

The rapid pace of recent advancements in numerical computation, notably the rise of GPU and TPU hardware accelerators, have allowed tensor network (TN) algorithms to scale to even larger quantum simulation problems, and to be employed more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Manuel S. Rudolph , Jing Chen , Jacob Miller , Atithi Acharya , Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz

The Toffoli gate is a fundamental building block for quantum arithmetic and reversible logic, yet its efficient realization remains a major challenge in both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum architectures. Recent advances in dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Abhoy Kole , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize multiple fields by solving complex problems that can not be solved in reasonable time with current classical computers. Nevertheless, the development of quantum computers is still in its…

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

Real-time decoding is a key ingredient in future fault-tolerant quantum systems, yet many decoders are too slow to run in real time. Prior work has shown that parallel window decoding schemes can scalably meet throughput requirements in the…

Quantum computing has potential to provide exponential speedups over classical computing for many important applications. However, today's quantum computers are in their early stages, and hardware quality issues hinder the scale of program…

A number of elegant approaches have been developed for the identification of quantum circuits which can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Recently, these methods have been employed to demonstrate the classical simulability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Daniel E. Browne

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aravind Joshi , Akshara Kairali , Renju Raju , Adithya Athreya , Reena Monica P , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Srinjoy Ganguly

We investigate $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric quantum systems ultra-weakly coupled to an environment. We find that such open systems evolve under $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric, purely dephasing and unital dynamics. The dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Bartłomiej Gardas , Sebastian Deffner , Avadh Saxena

We study operator scrambling in quantum circuits built from `super-Clifford' gates. For such circuits it was established in arXiv:2002.12824 that the time evolution of operator entanglement for a large class of many-body operators can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Mike Blake , Noah Linden , Anthony P. Thompson

Quantum computing promises significant speed-ups for certain algorithms but the practical use of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era computers remains limited by resources constraints (e.g., noise, qubits, gates, and circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Despite extensive research efforts, few quantum algorithms for classical optimization demonstrate realizable quantum advantage. The utility of many quantum algorithms is limited by high requisite circuit depth and nonconvex optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-27 Taylor L. Patti , Jean Kossaifi , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

The Gottesman-Knill theorem says that a stabilizer circuit -- that is, a quantum circuit consisting solely of CNOT, Hadamard, and phase gates -- can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer. This paper improves that theorem in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Scott Aaronson , Daniel Gottesman