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Diffusion models have attained remarkable success in the domains of image generation and editing. It is widely recognized that employing larger inversion and denoising steps in diffusion model leads to improved image reconstruction quality.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Chen Hou , Guoqiang Wei , Zhibo Chen

Generation of graphs is a major challenge for real-world tasks that require understanding the complex nature of their non-Euclidean structures. Although diffusion models have achieved notable success in graph generation recently, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jaehyeong Jo , Dongki Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG), which combines the conditional and unconditional score functions with two coefficients summing to one, serves as a practical technique for diffusion model sampling. Theoretically, however, denoising with CFG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mengfei Xia , Nan Xue , Yujun Shen , Ran Yi , Tieliang Gong , Yong-Jin Liu

Reliable image transmission over wireless channels is particularly challenging at extremely low transmission rates, where conventional compression and channel coding schemes fail to preserve adequate visual quality. To address this issue,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Shengkang Chen , Tong Wu , Zhiyong Chen , Feng Yang , Meixia Tao , Wenjun Zhang

Diffusion Models~(DMs) have emerged as the dominant approach in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), owing to their remarkable performance in tasks such as text-to-image synthesis. However, practical DMs, such as stable diffusion,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xuhui Fan , Zhangkai Wu , Hongyu Wu

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

Diffusion-based planning has shown promising results in long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks by training trajectory diffusion models and conditioning the sampled trajectories using auxiliary guidance functions. However, due to their nature as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kyowoon Lee , Seongun Kim , Jaesik Choi

This paper explores the use of score-based diffusion models for Bayesian image reconstruction. Diffusion models are an efficient tool for generative modeling. Diffusion models can also be used for solving image reconstruction problems. We…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Michael T. McCann , Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye , Marc L. Klasky

Semantic communications mark a paradigm shift from bit-accurate transmission toward meaning-centric communication, essential as wireless systems approach theoretical capacity limits. The emergence of generative AI has catalyzed generative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hai-Long Qin , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu , Shuo Shao , Sixian Wang , Tongda Xu , Wenjun Zhang , Ping Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Diffusion-based generative models are a design framework that allows generating new images from processes analogous to those found in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. These models model the reversal of a physical diffusion process in which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jordi de la Torre

Diffusion models are learning pattern-learning systems to model and sample from data distributions with three functional components namely the forward process, the reverse process, and the sampling process. The components of diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ziyi Chang , George Alex Koulieris , Hyung Jin Chang , Hubert P. H. Shum

Deep generative models are a class of techniques that train deep neural networks to model the distribution of training samples. Research has fragmented into various interconnected approaches, each of which make trade-offs including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Sam Bond-Taylor , Adam Leach , Yang Long , Chris G. Willcocks

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that produce high-quality samples from complex data. While their infinite-data behavior is well understood, their generalization with finite data remains less clear. Classical learning theory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Claudia Merger , Sebastian Goldt

Diffusion models have achieved unprecedented performance in generative modeling. The commonly-adopted formulation of the latent code of diffusion models is a sequence of gradually denoised samples, as opposed to the simpler (e.g., Gaussian)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Chen Henry Wu , Fernando De la Torre

Generative foundation models like Stable Diffusion comprise a diverse spectrum of knowledge in computer vision with the potential for transfer learning, e.g., via generating data to train student models for downstream tasks. This could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Leonhard Hennicke , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Holger Giese , Jan Mathias Koehler , Lukas Schott

Creating large-scale datasets for training high-performance generative models is often prohibitively expensive, especially when associated attributes or annotations must be provided. As a result, merging existing datasets has become a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Yanfeng Yang , Kenji Fukumizu

Diffusion models have become the de facto framework for generating new datasets. The core of these models lies in the ability to reverse a diffusion process in time. The goal of this manuscript is to explain, from a PDE perspective, how…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Fei Cao , Kimball Johnston , Thomas Laurent , Justin Le , Sébastien Motsch

The success of agricultural artificial intelligence depends heavily on large, diverse, and high-quality plant image datasets, yet collecting such data in real field conditions is costly, labor intensive, and seasonally constrained. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Da Tan , Michael Beck , Christopher P. Bidinosti , Robert H. Gulden , Christopher J. Henry

Generative models realized with machine learning techniques are powerful tools to infer complex and unknown data distributions from a finite number of training samples in order to produce new synthetic data. Diffusion models are an emerging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Marco Parigi , Stefano Martina , Filippo Caruso

Deep generative models have unlocked another profound realm of human creativity. By capturing and generalizing patterns within data, we have entered the epoch of all-encompassing Artificial Intelligence for General Creativity (AIGC).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Hanqun Cao , Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Yilun Xu , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng , Stan Z. Li