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SQL query rewriting aims to reformulate a query into a more efficient form while preserving equivalence. Most existing methods rely on predefined rewrite rules. However, such rule-based approaches face fundamental limitations: (1) fixed…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Dongjie Xu , Yue Cui , Weijie Shi , Qingzhi Ma , Hanghui Guo , Jiaming Li , Yao Zhao , Ruiyuan Zhang , Shimin Di , Jia Zhu , Kai Zheng , Jiajie Xu

Addressing the mismatch between natural language descriptions and the corresponding SQL queries is a key challenge for text-to-SQL translation. To bridge this gap, we propose an SQL intermediate representation (IR) called Natural SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Yujian Gan , Xinyun Chen , Jinxia Xie , Matthew Purver , John R. Woodward , John Drake , Qiaofu Zhang

Query rewrite, which aims to generate more efficient queries by altering a SQL query's structure without changing the query result, has been an important research problem. In order to maintain equivalence between the rewritten query and the…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Zhaodonghui Li , Haitao Yuan , Huiming Wang , Gao Cong , Lidong Bing

Data analysts use SQL queries to access and manipulate data on their databases. However, these queries are often challenging to write, and small mistakes can lead to unexpected data output. Recent work has explored several ways to…

Building natural language (NL) interfaces for databases has been a long-standing challenge for several decades. The major advantage of these so-called NL-to-SQL systems is that end-users can query complex databases without the need to know…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ursin Brunner , Kurt Stockinger

This paper introduces an Error Correction through Prompt Tuning for NL-to-SQL, leveraging the latest advancements in generative pre-training-based LLMs and RAG. Our work addresses the crucial need for efficient and accurate translation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jisoo Jang , Tien-Cuong Bui , Yunjun Choi , Wen-Syan Li

One of the developers' biggest challenges in low-code platforms is retrieving data from a database using SQL queries. Here, we propose a pipeline allowing developers to write natural language (NL) to retrieve data. In this study, we…

We develop a query answering system, where at the core of the work there is an idea of query answering by rewriting. For this purpose we extend the DL DL-Lite with the ability to support n-ary relations, obtaining the DL DLR-Lite, which is…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-02-11 Mantas Simkus , Evaldas Taroza , Lina Lubyte , Daniel Trivellato , Zivile Norkunaite

Natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) translation enables non-expert users to query relational databases through natural language. Recently, NL2SQL agents, powered by the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), have significantly…

A significant amount of the world's knowledge is stored in relational databases. However, the ability for users to retrieve facts from a database is limited due to a lack of understanding of query languages such as SQL. We propose Seq2SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Victor Zhong , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

The text-to-SQL task is an active challenge in Natural Language Processing. Many existing solutions focus on using black-box language models extended with specialized components within customized end-to-end text-to-SQL pipelines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alicja Rączkowska , Riccardo Belluzzo , Piotr Zieliński , Joanna Baran , Paweł Olszewski

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance across various NLP tasks. However, they often generate incorrect or hallucinated information, which hinders their practical applicability in real-world scenarios. Human feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenhao Yu , Zhihan Zhang , Zhenwen Liang , Meng Jiang , Ashish Sabharwal

Recent advancements in Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) emphasize stimulating the large language models (LLM) on in-context learning, achieving significant results. Nevertheless, they face challenges when dealing with verbose database information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhishuai Li , Xiang Wang , Jingjing Zhao , Sun Yang , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Bin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao , Hangyu Mao

Robust text-to-SQL over complex, real-world databases remains brittle even with modern LLMs: iterative refinement often introduces syntactic and semantic drift, corrections tend to be non-transferable across queries, and naive use of large…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Isabelle Mohr , Joao Gandarela , John Dujany , Andre Freitas

Translating Natural Language Queries into Structured Query Language (Text-to-SQL or NLQ-to-SQL) is a critical task extensively studied by both the natural language processing and database communities, aimed at providing a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Hasan Alp Caferoğlu , Özgür Ulusoy

Natural Language Interfaces for Databases (NLIDBs) aim to make database querying accessible by allowing users to ask questions in everyday language rather than using formal SQL queries. Despite significant advancements in translation…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Panos Ipeirotis , Haotian Zheng

We present OraPlan-SQL, our system for the Archer NL2SQL Evaluation Challenge 2025, a bilingual benchmark requiring complex reasoning such as arithmetic, commonsense, and hypothetical inference. OraPlan-SQL ranked first, exceeding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marianne Menglin Liu , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Syed Fahad Allam Shah , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

We present ReFormeR, a pattern-guided approach for query reformulation. Instead of prompting a language model to generate reformulations of a query directly, ReFormeR first elicits short reformulation patterns from pairs of initial queries…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Amin Bigdeli , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

Text-to-SQL generation aims to translate natural language questions into SQL statements. In Text-to-SQL based on large language models, schema linking is a widely adopted strategy to streamline the input for LLMs by selecting only relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Zhenbiao Cao , Yuanlei Zheng , Zhihao Fan , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai