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Measurements of quantum systems can be used to generate classical data that is truly unpredictable for every observer. However, this true randomness needs to be discriminated from randomness due to ignorance or lack of control of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 Felix Bischof , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

A central challenge in the verification of quantum computers is benchmarking their performance as a whole and demonstrating their computational capabilities. In this work, we find a universal model of quantum computation, Bell sampling,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

Quantum mechanics provides means of generating genuine randomness that is impossible with deterministic classical processes. Remarkably, the unpredictability of randomness can be certified in a self-testing manner that is independent of…

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled…

The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as its probabilistic nature, allow for the theoretical ability of quantum computers to generate statistically random numbers, as opposed to classical computers which are only able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Owen Root , Maria Becker

When increasing the dimensionality of quantum systems, high-dimensional quantum state certification becomes important in quantum information science and technology. However, how to certify ensembles of high-dimensional quantum states in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Yong-Nan Sun , Meng-Yun Ma , Qi-Ping Su , Zhe Sun , Chui-Ping Yang , Franco Nori

A secure quantum identification system combining a classical identification procedure and quantum key distribution is proposed. Each identification sequence is always used just once and new sequences are ``refuelled'' from a shared provably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Miloslav Dusek , Ondrej Haderka , Martin Hendrych , Robert Myska

Recently it has been found that there exist maximally nonlocal quantum correlations that fail to certify randomness for any fixed input pair, rendering them useless for device-independent spot-checking randomness expansion schemes. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu , Yutian Wu , Stefano Pironio

Verifying the quality of a random number generator involves performing computationally intensive statistical tests on large data sets commonly in the range of gigabytes. Limitations on computing power can restrict an end-user's ability to…

Quantum randomness can be certified from probabilistic behaviors demonstrating Bell nonlocality or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, leveraging outcomes from uncharacterized devices. However, such nonlocal correlations are not always…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Yi Li , Yu Xiang , Jordi Tura , Qiongyi He

We discuss Bell nonlocality in quantum networks with unreliable sources. Our main result is a condition on the observed data which ensures that inconclusive events can be safely discarded, without introducing any loophole. More formally, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Sadra Boreiri , Nicolas Brunner , Pavel Sekatski

Quantum networks of growing complexity play a key role as resources for quantum computation; the ability to identify the quality of their internal correlations will play a crucial role in addressing the buiding stage of such states. We…

Quantum correlations arising in Bell experiments, involving a physical source that emits a quantum state to a number of observers, have been intensively studied over the last decades. Much less is known about the nature of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Armin Tavakoli

Coherently manipulating multipartite quantum correlations leads to remarkable advantages in quantum information processing. A fundamental question is whether such quantum advantages persist only by exploiting multipartite correlations, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-05 Xiao Yuan , Ke Liu , Yuan Xu , Weiting Wang , Yuwei Ma , Fang Zhang , Zhaopeng Yan , R. Vijay , Luyan Sun , Xiongfeng Ma

Nonlocality lies at the core of quantum mechanics from both a fundamental and applicative point of view. It is typically revealed by a Bell test, that is by violation of a Bell inequality, whose success depends both on the state of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-04 Bruno Bellomo , Rosario Lo Franco , Giuseppe Compagno

Randomness is a potential resource for cryptography, simulations and algorithms. Non-local correlations violating Bell's inequality certify the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 A. K. Pan

Genuine multipartite nonlocality and nonlocality arising in networks composed of several independent sources have been separately investigated. While some genuinely entangled states cannot be verified by violating a single Bell-type…

Quantum networks play a crucial role for distributed quantum information processing, enabling the establishment of entanglement and quantum communication among distant nodes. Fundamentally, networks with independent sources allow for new…

Self-testing is a method of quantum state and measurement estimation that does not rely on assumptions about the inner working of the used devices. Its experimental realization has been limited to sources producing single quantum states so…