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Automated driving functions (ADFs) have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, their safety must be assured. Thus, the verification and validation of these functions is still an important open issue in research and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Daniel Becker , Guido Küppers , Lutz Eckstein

Integrating driver, in-cabin, and outside environment's contextual cues into the vehicle's decision making is the centerpiece of semi-automated vehicle safety. Multiple systems have been developed for providing context to the vehicle, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Arash Tavakoli , Shashwat Kumar , Mehdi Boukhechba , Arsalan Heydarian

As automation in the field of automated driving (AD) progresses, ensuring the safety and functionality of AD functions (ADFs) becomes crucial. Virtual scenario-based testing has emerged as a prevalent method for evaluating these systems,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Daniel Becker , Sanath Konthala , Lutz Eckstein

Autonomously driving vehicles require a complete and robust perception of the local environment. A main challenge is to perceive any other road users, where multi-object tracking or occupancy grid maps are commonly used. The presented…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Fabian Gies , Andreas Danzer , Klaus Dietmayer

Traditional video-based human activity recognition has experienced remarkable progress linked to the rise of deep learning, but this effect was slower as it comes to the downstream task of driver behavior understanding. Understanding the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Kunyu Peng , Alina Roitberg , Kailun Yang , Jiaming Zhang , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Automotive user interface (AUI) evaluation becomes increasingly complex due to novel interaction modalities, driving automation, heterogeneous data, and dynamic environmental contexts. Immersive analytics may enable efficient explorations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Pascal Jansen , Julian Britten , Alexander Häusele , Thilo Segschneider , Mark Colley , Enrico Rukzio

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are often used in the automotive industry to highlight innovative improvements in vehicle safety. However, today it is unclear whether certain automation (e.g., adaptive cruise control, lane…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Sophie Le Page , Jason Millar , Kelly Bronson , Shalaleh Rismani , AJung Moon

LiDAR-based 3D perception and localization on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are fundamentally limited by the narrow field of view (FoV) of compact LiDAR sensors and the payload constraints that preclude multi-sensor configurations.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Jianping Li , Xinhang Xu , Zhongyuan Liu , Shenghai Yuan , Muqing Cao , Lihua Xie

On board monitoring of the alertness level of an automotive driver has been a challenging research in transportation safety and management. In this paper, we propose a robust real time embedded platform to monitor the loss of attention of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Anirban Dasgupta , Anjith George , S. L. Happy , Aurobinda Routray

For autonomous driving, an essential task is to detect surrounding objects accurately. To this end, most existing systems use optical devices, including cameras and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, to collect environment data in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jindi Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Kejie Lu , Jianping Wang , Kui Wu , Xiaohua Jia , Bin Liu

Runtime energy management has become quintessential for multi-sensor autonomous systems at the edge for achieving high performance given the platform constraints. Typical for such systems, however, is to have their controllers designed with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Mohanad Odema , James Ferlez , Yasser Shoukry , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

One of the major impediments in deployment of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is their safety and reliability. The primary reason for the complexity of testing ADS is that it operates in an open world characterized by its…

Sensor configuration, including the sensor selections and their installation locations, serves a crucial role in autonomous driving. A well-designed sensor configuration significantly improves the performance upper bound of the perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Tao Ma , Zhizheng Liu , Yikang Li

Environment perception is crucial for autonomous vehicle (AV) safety. Most existing AV perception algorithms have not studied the surrounding environment complexity and failed to include the environment complexity parameter. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Ce Zhang , Azim Eskandarian , Xuelai Du

The ability to simultaneously leverage multiple modes of sensor information is critical for perception of an automated vehicle's physical surroundings. Spatio-temporal alignment of registration of the incoming information is often a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Michael Giering , Vivek Venugopalan , Kishore Reddy

Autonomous driving is a multi-task problem requiring a deep understanding of the visual environment. End-to-end autonomous systems have attracted increasing interest as a method of learning to drive without exhaustively programming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Alexander Makrigiorgos , Ali Shafti , Alex Harston , Julien Gerard , A. Aldo Faisal

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) often rely on deep neural networks to interpret driving images and support vehicle control. Although reliable under nominal conditions, these systems remain vulnerable to input variations and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Hannes Leonhard , Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Andrea Stocco

As vehicles transition toward higher levels of automation, Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) have become essential for ensuring human oversight, safety, and regulatory compliance in a vehicle. These systems rely on multimodal sensing and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bilal Khana , Waseem Shariff , Rory Coyne , Muhammad Ali Farooq , Peter Corcoran

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been on the rise in many domains, including numerous safety-critical applications. However, for complex systems in the real world, defining the underlying environmental conditions in which the AI-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Johann Maximilian Christensen , Elena Hoemann , Frank Köster , Sven Hallerbach

Scalable systems for automated driving have to reliably cope with an open-world setting. This means, the perception systems are exposed to drastic domain shifts, like changes in weather conditions, time-dependent aspects, or geographic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Larissa T. Triess , Mariella Dreissig , Christoph B. Rist , J. Marius Zöllner