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We propose a measurement scheme that validates the preparation of an $n$-qubit stabilizer state. The scheme involves a measurement of $n$ Pauli observables, a priori determined from the stabilizer state and which can be realized using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Amir Kalev , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Norbert M. Linke

Verification is a task to check whether a given quantum state is close to an ideal state or not. In this paper, we show that a variety of many-qubit quantum states can be verified with only sequential single-qubit measurements of Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Yuki Takeuchi , Tomoyuki Morimae

We present a simple protocol for certifying graph states in quantum networks using stabiliser measurements. The certification statements can easily be applied to different protocols using graph states. We see for example how it can be used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Damian Markham , Alexandra Krause

Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information science, serving as a key resource for quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Consequently, high-precision entangled state preparation and efficient verification are…

Consider the task of verifying that a given quantum device, designed to produce a particular entangled state, does indeed produce that state. One natural approach would be to characterise the output state by quantum state tomography; or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-26 Sam Pallister , Noah Linden , Ashley Montanaro

A central task in quantum information science is state certification: testing whether an unknown state is $\epsilon_1$-close to a fixed target state, or $\epsilon_2$-far. Recent work has shown that surprisingly simple measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Andrea Coladangelo , Jerry Li , Joseph Slote , Ellen Wu

Statistical verification of a quantum state aims to certify whether a given unknown state is close to the target state with confidence. So far, sample-optimal verification protocols based on local measurements have been found only for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Ninnat Dangniam , Yun-Guang Han , Huangjun Zhu

Current quantum computers have the potential to overcome classical computational methods, however, the capability of the algorithms that can be executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is limited due to hardware imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Cristian A. Galvis-Florez , Daniel Reitzner , Simo Särkkä

As a measure of the 'closeness' of two quantum states, fidelity plays a fundamental role in quantum information theory. Fidelity estimation protocols try to strike a balance between information gleaned from an experiment, and the efficiency…

Quantum fidelity estimation is essential for benchmarking quantum states and processes on noisy quantum devices. While stabilizer operations form the foundation of fault-tolerant quantum computing, non-stabilizer resources further enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhiping Liu , Kun Wang , Xin Wang

Vast developments in quantum technology have enabled the preparation of quantum states with more than a dozen entangled qubits. The full characterization of such systems demands distinct constructions depending on their specific type and…

The efficient and reliable certification of quantum states is essential for various quantum information processing tasks as well as for the general progress on the implementation of quantum technologies. In the last few years several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Xiao-Dong Yu , Jiangwei Shang , Otfried Gühne

Entangled quantum states are essential ingredients for many quantum technologies, but they must be validated before they are used. As a full characterization is prohibitively resource-intensive, recent work has focused on developing methods…

Efficient verification of entangled states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. However, the effectiveness of standard quantum state verification (QSV) is based on the condition of independent and identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Wen-Hao Zhang , Zihao Li , Gong-Chu Li , Xu-Song Hong , Huangjun Zhu , Geng Chen , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We demonstrate a fast, robust and non-destructive protocol for quantum state estimation based on continuous weak measurement in the presence of a controlled dynamical evolution. Our experiment uses optically probed atomic spins as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Greg A. Smith , Andrew Silberfarb , Ivan H. Deutsch , Poul S. Jessen

Fault tolerant quantum computing relies on the ability to detect and correct errors, which in quantum error correction codes is typically achieved by projectively measuring multi-qubit parity operators and by conditioning operations on the…

In this paper we introduce a technique and a tool for formal verification of various quantum information processing protocols. The tool uses stabilizer formalism and is capable of representing concurrent quantum protocol, thus is more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Ebrahim Ardeshir-Larijani , Simon J. Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan

Verification of NISQ era quantum devices demands fast classical simulation of large noisy quantum circuits. We present an algorithm based on the stabilizer formalism that can efficiently simulate noisy stabilizer circuits. Additionally, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Patrick Rall

In this paper we investigate stabilizer quantum error correction codes using controlled phase rotations of strong coherent probe states. We explicitly describe two methods to measure the Pauli operators which generate the stabilizer group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Casey R. Myers , Marcus Silva , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

We address the task of verifying whether a quantum computer, designed to be protected by a specific stabilizer code, correctly encodes the corresponding logical qubits. To achieve this, we develop a general framework for subspace…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Congcong Zheng , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang , Ping Xu , Kun Wang
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