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Related papers: On the piecewise complexity of words

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We study structure of pure morphic and morphic sequences and prove the following result: the subword complexity of arbitrary morphic sequence is either $\Theta(n^{1+1/k})$ for some $k\in\mathbb N$, or is $O(n \log n)$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-23 Rostislav Devyatov

A measure of complexity based on a probabilistic description of physical systems is proposed. This measure incorporates the main features of the intuitive notion of such a magnitude. It can be applied to many physical situations and to…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz , Hector Mancini , Xavier Calbet

We prove a precise formula for the minimal number K(n) such that every binary word of length $n$ can be divided into K(n) palindromes. Also we estimate the average number $\ol K(n)$ of palindromes composing a random binary word of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-20 Alex Ravsky

Descriptional complexity is the study of the conciseness of the various models representing formal languages. The state complexity of a regular language is the size, measured by the number of states of the smallest, either deterministic or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Yuan Gao , Nelma Moreira , Rogério Reis , Sheng Yu

Special scattered subwords, in which the gaps are of length from a given set, are defined. The scattered subword complexity, which is the number of such scattered subwords, is computed for rainbow words.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-04-25 Zoltán Kása

These lecture notes provide an introduction to combinatorics on words and its interactions with dynamics, algebra, and arithmetic. The central theme is the notion of low factor complexity for infinite words. We investigate the following…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Mélodie Andrieu

When decomposing a finite semigroup into a wreath product of groups and aperiodic semigroups, complexity measures the minimal number of groups that are needed. Determining an algorithm to compute complexity has been an open problem for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Stuart Margolis , John Rhodes , Anne Schilling

We introduce the problem of computing a parsing where each phrase is of length at most $m$ and which minimizes the zeroth order entropy of parsing. Based on the recent theoretical results we devise a heuristic for this problem. The solution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Michał Gańczorz

Compositionality in language refers to how much the meaning of some phrase can be decomposed into the meaning of its constituents and the way these constituents are combined. Based on the premise that substitution by synonyms is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Christina Lioma , Niels Dalum Hansen

In this article, we study subword complexity of colorings of regular trees. We characterize colorings of bounded subword complexity and study Sturmian colorings, which are colorings of minimal unbounded subword complexity. We classify…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Dong Han Kim , Seonhee Lim

The prefix palindromic length $p_{\mathbf{u}}(n)$ of an infinite word $\mathbf{u}$ is the minimal number of concatenated palindromes needed to express the prefix of length $n$ of $\mathbf{u}$. This function is surprisingly difficult to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Dora V. Bulgakova , Anna E. Frid , Jérémy Scanvic

This paper presents a fundamental algorithm for parsing natural language sentences into dependency trees. Unlike phrase-structure (constituency) parsers, this algorithm operates one word at a time, attaching each word as soon as it can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Michael A. Covington

Separation is a classical problem asking whether, given two sets belonging to some class, it is possible to separate them by a set from a smaller class. We discuss the separation problem for regular languages. We give a Ptime algorithm to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-26 Thomas Place , Lorijn van Rooijen , Marc Zeitoun

Depth is a complexity measure for natural systems of the kind studied in statistical physics and is defined in terms of computational complexity. Depth quantifies the length of the shortest parallel computation required to construct a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-11-14 Jon Machta

The complexity of an infinite word can be measured in several ways, the two most common measures being the subword complexity and the abelian complexity. In 2015, Rigo and Salimov introduced a family of intermediate complexities indexed by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Léo Vivion

We consider the relations between different measures of complexity for free homotopy classes of curves on a surface $\Sigma$, including the minimum number of self-intersections, the minimum length of the words representing them in a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-07-20 Max Neumann-Coto , Macarena Covadonga Robles Arenas

Word complexity is defined in a number of different ways. Psycholinguistic, morphological and lexical proxies are often used. Human ratings are also used. The problem here is that these proxies do not measure complexity directly, and human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Michael Dalvean

Effective complexity measures the information content of the regularities of an object. It has been introduced by M. Gell-Mann and S. Lloyd to avoid some of the disadvantages of Kolmogorov complexity, also known as algorithmic information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-11-22 Nihat Ay , Markus Mueller , Arleta Szkola

Sophistication and logical depth are two measures that express how complicated the structure in a string is. Sophistication is defined as the minimal complexity of a computable function that defines a two-part description for the string…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Luís Antunes , Bruno Bauwens , Andre Souto , Andreia Teixeira

The primary research questions of this paper center on defining the amount of context that is necessary and/or appropriate when investigating the relationship between language model probabilities and cognitive phenomena. We investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Cassandra L. Jacobs , Andrés Buxó-Lugo , Anna K. Taylor , Marie Leopold-Hooke