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The vulnerability of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) to jailbreak attacks appears as no surprise. However, recent defense mechanisms against these attacks have reached near-saturation performance on benchmark evaluations, often with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yangyang Guo , Fangkai Jiao , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically harmless but remain vulnerable to carefully crafted prompts known as ``jailbreaks'', which can bypass protective measures and induce harmful behavior. Recent advancements in LLMs have incorporated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Haibo Jin , Andy Zhou , Joe D. Menke , Haohan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) face prominent security risks from jailbreaking, a practice that manipulates models to bypass built-in security constraints and generate unethical or unsafe content. Among various jailbreak techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yihao Zhang , Kai Wang , Jiangrong Wu , Haolin Wu , Yuxuan Zhou , Zeming Wei , Dongxian Wu , Xun Chen , Jun Sun , Meng Sun

Jailbreaking techniques pose a significant threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses typically focus on single-turn attacks, lack coverage across languages, and rely on limited taxonomies that either fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Francesco Giarrusso , Olga E. Sorokoletova , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gradually become the gateway for people to acquire new knowledge. However, attackers can break the model's security protection ("jail") to access restricted information, which is called "jailbreaking."…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zhenhua Wang , Wei Xie , Baosheng Wang , Enze Wang , Zhiwen Gui , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Kai Chen

Pluralism alignment with AI has the sophisticated and necessary goal of creating AI that can coexist with and serve morally multifaceted humanity. Research towards pluralism alignment has many efforts in enhancing the learning of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ying Su , Mingen Zheng , Weili Diao , Haoran Li

Small Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as efficient and economically viable alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), offering competitive performance with significantly lower computational costs and latency. These advantages make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Md Jueal Mia , Joaquin Molto , Yanzhao Wu , M. Hadi Amini

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks - resulting in harmful, unethical, or biased text generations. However, existing jailbreaking methods are computationally costly. In this paper, we propose the weak-to-strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Xuandong Zhao , Xianjun Yang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang , William Yang Wang

Despite being empowered with alignment mechanisms, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to emerging jailbreak attacks that can compromise their alignment mechanisms. This vulnerability poses significant risks to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shaoqing Zhang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Kehai Chen , Rongxiang Weng , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to generate harmful outputs. Examining jailbreak prompts helps uncover the shortcomings of LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Weixiong Zheng , Peijian Zeng , Yiwei Li , Hongyan Wu , Nankai Lin , Junhao Chen , Aimin Yang , Yongmei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid adoption in recent years, with industries increasingly relying on them to maintain a competitive advantage. These models excel at interpreting user instructions and generating human-like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Andrew Yeo , Daeseon Choi

Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shirin Alanova , Bogdan Minko , Sabrina Sadiekh , Evgeniy Kokuykin

Adversarial misuse, particularly through `jailbreaking' that circumvents a model's safety and ethical protocols, poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper delves into the mechanisms behind such successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Huijie Lv , Xiao Wang , Yuansen Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Shihan Dou , Junjie Ye , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Security concerns related to Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety implications for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), particularly in medical contexts (MedMLLMs), remain insufficiently studied.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xijie Huang , Xinyuan Wang , Hantao Zhang , Yinghao Zhu , Jiawen Xi , Jingkun An , Hao Wang , Hao Liang , Chengwei Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to Jailbreaking attacks, which aim to extract harmful information by subtly modifying the attack query. As defense mechanisms evolve, directly obtaining harmful information becomes increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yixin Cheng , Markos Georgopoulos , Volkan Cevher , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrating vision into Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as Flamingo and GPT-4. This paper sheds light on the security and safety implications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiangyu Qi , Kaixuan Huang , Ashwinee Panda , Peter Henderson , Mengdi Wang , Prateek Mittal

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet remain critically vulnerable to adversarial attacks that exploit weaknesses in cross-modal processing. We present a systematic study of multimodal jailbreaks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Divyanshu Kumar , Shreyas Jena , Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in robotic environments but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that bypass safety mechanisms and drive unsafe or physically harmful behaviors in…

As audio-visual multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, understanding their vulnerabilities is crucial. To this end, we introduce Multi-Modal Typography, a systematic study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianle Chen , Deepti Ghadiyaram
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