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Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

Optical quantum computing is a promising approach for achieving large-scale quantum computation. While Gaussian operations have been successfully scaled, the inherently weak nonlinearity in optics makes generating highly non-Gaussian states…

Heralded multi-photon entanglement generation is a central bottleneck for photonic quantum computing, where resource costs typically skyrocket with target size. We explore efficient methods for generating photon states with tunable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Suren A. Fldzhyan , Stanislav S. Straupe , Mikhail Yu. Saygin

One of the fundamental conditions for one-way quantum computation (1WQC) is the ability to make sequential measurements on isolated qubits that comprise the highly entangled resource for 1WQC, the cluster state. This has been a significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Timothy P. Friesen , David L. Feder

Fault-tolerant quantum computation can be achieved by creating constant-sized, entangled resource states and performing entangling measurements on subsets of their qubits. Linear optical quantum computers can be designed based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Brendan Pankovich , Alex Neville , Angus Kan , Srikrishna Omkar , Kwok Ho Wan , Kamil Brádler

We realize a hardware-native time--frequency Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill (GKP) logical qubit encoded in the continuous phase space of single photons, establishing a propagating photonic implementation of bosonic grid encoding. Finite-energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Tai Hyun Yoon

We present an architecture for the generation of GKP states in which quadrature squeezing operations are used to control the average photon number statistics of probabilistic photon number measurements on Gaussian resource states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Paul Renault , Patrick Yard , Raphael Pooser , Hussain Zaidi

Recent research has demonstrated that quantum computers can solve certain types of problems substantially faster than the known classical algorithms. These problems include factoring integers and certain physics simulations. Practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Wojciech H. Zurek

We demonstrate a method for encoding Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error-correcting qubits with single ultracold atoms trapped in individual sites of a deep optical lattice. Using quantum optimal control protocols, we demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Harry C. P. Kendell , Giacomo Ferranti , Carrie A. Weidner

Fusion-based quantum computing with dual-rail qubits is a leading candidate for scalable quantum computing using linear optics. This paradigm requires single photons which are entangled into small resource states before being fed into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Margaret Pavlovich , Peter Rakich , Shruti Puri

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

In this paper we do a detailed numerical investigation of the fault-tolerant threshold for optical cluster-state quantum computation. Our noise model allows both photon loss and depolarizing noise, as a general proxy for all types of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christopher M. Dawson , Henry L. Haselgrove , Michael A. Nielsen

In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing, we make use of quantum error correction schemes designed to protect the logical information of the system from decoherence. A promising way to preserve such information is to use the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Marc-Antoine Roy , Thomas Pousset , Baptiste Royer

High-rate quantum error correcting codes mitigate the imposing scale of fault-tolerant quantum computers but require efficient generation of non-local, many-body entanglement. We provide a linear-optical architecture with these properties,…

With a combination of the quantum repeater and the cluster state approaches, we show that efficient quantum computation can be constructed even if all the entangling quantum gates only succeed with an arbitrarily small probability $p$. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. -M. Duan , R. Raussendorf

In the quest to build general-purpose photonic quantum computers, fusion-based quantum computation has risen to prominence as a promising strategy. This model allows a ballistic construction of large cluster states which are universal for…

Photonic quantum computers use the bosonic statistics of photons to construct, through quantum interference, the large entangled states required for measurement-based quantum computation. Therefore, any which-way information present in the…

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code offers the possibility to encode higher-dimensional qudits into individual bosonic modes with, for instance, photonic excitations. Since photons enable the reliable transmission of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Frank Schmidt , Daniel Miller , Peter van Loock

The scaling barriers currently faced by both quantum networking and quantum computing technologies ultimately amount to the same core challenge of distributing high-quality entanglement at scale. In this Perspective, a novel quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Stephanie Simmons

We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in a measurement-based manner with finite-sized entangled resource states and encoded fusion scheme with linear optics. The encoded-fusion is an entangled measurement devised to enhance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Wooyeong Song , Nuri Kang , Yong-Su Kim , Seung-Woo Lee