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Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems intractable for classical computers, but practical large-scale quantum computation requires error correction to protect against errors. Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Meng Wang , Chenxu Liu , Sean Garner , Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Prashant J. Nair , Ang Li

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Quantum computing has made significant advancements in the last years in both hardware and software. Unfortunately, the currently available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware is still heavily affected by noise. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Robert Wille

We propose a scheme for efficient cluster state quantum computation by using imperfect polarization-entangled photon-pair sources, linear optical elements and inefficient non-photon-number-resolving detectors. The efficiency threshold for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-10 Yan-Xiao Gong , Xu-Bo Zou , Timothy C. Ralph , Shi-Ning Zhu , Guang-Can Guo

Solving quantum molecular systems presents a significant challenge for classical computation. The advent of early fault-tolerant quantum computing (EFTQC) devices offers a promising avenue to address these challenges, leveraging advanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Yukun Zhang , Xiaoming Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Heng Lin , Yifei Huang , Dingshun Lv , Xiao Yuan

A scheme for linear optical implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation is proposed, which is based on an error-detecting code. Each computational step is mediated by transfer of quantum information into an ancilla system embedding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-07 Jaeyoon Cho

Continuous-variable quantum-computing (CVQC) is the most scalable implementation of QC to date but requires non-Gaussian resources to allow exponential speedup and quantum correction, using error encoding such as Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Miller Eaton , Rajveer Nehra , Olivier Pfister

Photonics represents one of the most promising approaches to large-scale quantum computation with millions of qubits and billions of gates, owing to the potential for room-temperature operation, high clock speeds, miniaturization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Paul Renault , Patrick Yard , Raphael C. Pooser , Miller Eaton , Hussain Asim Zaidi

Linear optics quantum computing (LOQC) is a leading candidate for the implementation of large scale quantum computers. Here quantum information is encoded into the quantum states of light and computation proceeds via a linear optics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 Peter P. Rohde

We propose a measurement-based FTQC (MB-FTQC) architecture for high-connectivity platforms such as trapped ions and neutral atoms. The key idea is to use verified logical ancillas combined with Knill's error-correcting teleportation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Yohei Ibe , Yutaka Hirano , Yasuo Ozu , Toru Kawakubo , Keisuke Fujii

Typically, fault-tolerant operations and code concatenation are reserved for quantum error correction due to their resource overhead. Here, we show that fault tolerant operations have a large impact on the performance of symmetry based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Alvin Gonzales , Anjala M Babu , Ji Liu , Zain Saleem , Mark Byrd

Linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) seems attractively simple: information is borne entirely by light and processed by components such as beam splitters, phase shifters and detectors. However this very simplicity leads to limitations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-21 Ying Li , Peter C. Humphreys , Gabriel J. Mendoza , Simon C. Benjamin

We introduce an adaptable and modular hybrid architecture designed for fault-tolerant quantum computing. It combines quantum emitters and linear-optical entangling gates to leverage the strength of both matter-based and photonic-based…

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computing (NISQ) has dominated headlines in recent years, with the longer-term vision of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation (FTQC) offering significant potential albeit at currently intractable resource…

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

With the significance of continuous-variable quantum computing increasing thanks to the achievements of light-based quantum hardware, making it available to learner audiences outside physics has been an important yet seldom-tackled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Richard A. Wolf , Pavithran Iyer

Photon loss is the biggest enemy for scalable photonic quantum information processing. This problem can be tackled by using quantum error correction, provided that the overall photon loss is below a threshold of 1/3. However, all reported…

Long distance quantum communication will require the use of quantum repeaters to overcome the exponential attenuation of signal with distance. One class of such repeaters utilizes quantum error correction to overcome losses in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Filip Rozpędek , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Paul Polakos , Liang Jiang , Saikat Guha

We present three schemes for constructing a (2,2)-Shor-encoded 6-ring photonic resource state for fusion-based quantum computing, each relying on a different type of photon source. We benchmark these architectures by analyzing their ability…

Many proposals for fault tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) suffer detectable loss processes. Here we show that topological FTQC schemes, which are known to have high error thresholds, are also extremely robust against losses. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Sean D. Barrett , Thomas M. Stace