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False discovery rate (FDR) procedures provide misleading inference when testing multiple null hypotheses with heterogeneous multinomial data. For example, in the motivating study the goal is to identify species of bacteria near the roots of…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-05 Joshua Habiger , David Watts , Michael Anderson

In the context of multiple hypotheses testing, the proportion $\pi_0$ of true null hypotheses in the pool of hypotheses to test often plays a crucial role, although it is generally unknown a priori. A testing procedure using an implicit or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-02-17 Gilles Blanchard , Etienne Roquain

Aleatoric and Epistemic uncertainty have achieved recent attention in the literature as different sources from which uncertainty can emerge in stochastic modeling. Epistemic being intrinsic or model based notions of uncertainty, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-15 Ryan Warnick

We show that it can be suboptimal for Bayesian decision-making agents employing social learning to use correct prior probabilities as their initial beliefs. We consider sequential Bayesian binary hypothesis testing where each individual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joong Bum Rhim , Vivek K Goyal

We consider the problem of decision-making using panel data, in which a decision-maker gets noisy, repeated measurements of multiple units (or agents). We consider a setup where there is a pre-intervention period, when the principal…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-12-22 Keegan Harris , Anish Agarwal , Chara Podimata , Zhiwei Steven Wu

The steep rise in availability and usage of high-throughput technologies in biology brought with it a clear need for methods to control the False Discovery Rate (FDR) in multiple tests. Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) introduced in 1995 a…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-11 Amit Zeisel , Or Zuk , Eytan Domany

High-dimensional logistic regression is widely used in analyzing data with binary outcomes. In this paper, global testing and large-scale multiple testing for the regression coefficients are considered in both single- and two-regression…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-23 Rong Ma , T. Tony Cai , Hongzhe Li

Large-scale hypothesis testing is central to modern science, where controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR) has become the standard approach to managing false positives across many simultaneous tests. Hypotheses rarely exist in isolation;…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Binyamin Perets , Shie Mannor

Controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) is a powerful approach to multiple testing. In many applications, the tested hypotheses have an inherent hierarchical structure. In this paper, we focus on the fixed sequence structure where the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-11 Gavin Lynch , Wenge Guo , Sanat K. Sarkar , Helmut Finner

The strategic selection of resources by selfish agents has long been a key area of research, with Resource Selection Games and Congestion Games serving as prominent examples. In these traditional frameworks, agents choose from a set of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Henri Zeiler

Multiple hypothesis testing has been widely applied to problems dealing with high-dimensional data, e.g., selecting significant variables and controlling the selection error rate. The most prevailing measure of error rate used in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-07 Xiaoya Sun , Yan Fu

We consider a user releasing her data containing some personal information in return of a service. We model user's personal information as two correlated random variables, one of them, called the secret variable, is to be kept private,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Ecenaz Erdemir , Pier Luigi Dragotti , Deniz Gunduz

The highly influential two-group model in testing a large number of statistical hypotheses assumes that the test statistics are drawn independently from a mixture of a high probability null distribution and a low probability alternative.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-08 Ruth Heller , Saharon Rosset

In strategic classification, agents modify their features, at a cost, to ideally obtain a positive classification from the learner's classifier. The typical response of the learner is to carefully modify their classifier to be robust to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Lee Cohen , Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi , Kevin Stangl , Ali Vakilian , Juba Ziani

In many predictive decision-making scenarios, such as credit scoring and academic testing, a decision-maker must construct a model that accounts for agents' propensity to "game" the decision rule by changing their features so as to receive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Yonadav Shavit , Benjamin Edelman , Brian Axelrod

Multiple hypotheses testing is a core problem in statistical inference and arises in almost every scientific field. Given a sequence of null hypotheses $\mathcal{H}(n) = (H_1,..., H_n)$, Benjamini and Hochberg…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-05 Adel Javanmard , Andrea Montanari

Online testing procedures aim to control the extent of false discoveries over a sequence of hypothesis tests, allowing for the possibility that early-stage test results influence the choice of hypotheses to be tested in later stages.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-18 Aaron Fisher

Eliciting reliable human feedback is essential for many machine learning tasks, such as learning from noisy labels and aligning AI systems with human preferences. Peer prediction mechanisms incentivize truthful reporting without ground…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yichi Zhang , Shengwei Xu , David Pennock , Grant Schoenebeck

The dominant theories of rational choice assume logical omniscience. That is, they assume that when facing a decision problem, an agent can perform all relevant computations and determine the truth value of all relevant logical/mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Caspar Oesterheld , Abram Demski , Vincent Conitzer

Automated decision-making tools increasingly assess individuals to determine if they qualify for high-stakes opportunities. A recent line of research investigates how strategic agents may respond to such scoring tools to receive favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Keegan Harris , Hoda Heidari , Zhiwei Steven Wu