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Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

In long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the Time-To-First-Token (TTFT) latency incurred by the prefill stage has become the foremost bottleneck limiting interactive performance and deployment cost. KV Cache reuse offers a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fei li , Song Liu , Yan Liu , Jinhua Cui , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang , Weiguo Wu

Transformers have emerged as the backbone of large language models (LLMs). However, generation remains inefficient due to the need to store in memory a cache of key-value representations for past tokens, whose size scales linearly with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Piotr Nawrot , Adrian Łańcucki , Marcin Chochowski , David Tarjan , Edoardo M. Ponti

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel across a variety of language tasks yet are constrained by limited input lengths and high computational costs. Existing approaches\textemdash such as relative positional encodings (e.g., RoPE, ALiBi) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun-Hui Lee , Eunhwan Park , Donghoon Han , Seung-Hoon Na

Efficiently serving large language models (LLMs) under dynamic and bursty workloads remains a key challenge for real-world deployment. Existing serving frameworks and static model compression techniques fail to adapt to workload…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhaoyuan Su , Zeyu Zhang , Tingfeng Lan , Zirui Wang , Haiying Shen , Juncheng Yang , Yue Cheng

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Large Models (LVLMs) excel in single-turn tasks but face significant challenges in multi-turn interactions requiring deep contextual understanding and complex visual reasoning, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Weijie Shen , Xinrui Wang , Yuanqi Nie , Apiradee Boonmee

Large Language Model (LLM) serving faces a fundamental tension between stringent latency Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and limited GPU memory capacity. When high request rates exhaust the KV cache budget, existing LLM inference systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jiahuan Yu , Mingtao Hu , Zichao Lin , Minjia Zhang

Many NLP tasks benefit from using large language models (LLMs) that often have more than 100 billion parameters. With the release of BLOOM-176B and OPT-175B, everyone can download pretrained models of this scale. Still, using these models…

Long-term conversational large language model (LLM) agents require memory systems that can recover relevant evidence from historical interactions without overwhelming the answer stage with irrelevant context. However, existing memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shuqi Cao , Jingyi He , Fei Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have surged in popularity and are extensively used in commercial applications, where the efficiency of model serving is crucial for the user experience. Most current research focuses on optimizing individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yuhang Yao , Han Jin , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Shanshan Han , Zijian Hu , Yide Ran , Dimitris Stripelis , Zhaozhuo Xu , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

As large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in many tasks, they are used in various applications. While a lot of works have focused on the efficiency of single-LLM application (e.g., offloading, request scheduling, parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jingzhi Fang , Yanyan Shen , Yue Wang , Lei Chen

In this paper, we introduce LiveMind, a novel low-latency inference framework for large language model (LLM) inference which enables LLMs to perform inferences with incomplete user input. By reallocating computational processes to the input…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuangtao Chen , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Large language models (LLMs) rely on Key-Value (KV) cache to reduce time-to-first-token (TTFT) latency, but existing disk-based KV cache systems using file-per-object layouts suffer from severe scalability bottlenecks due to file system…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weiping Yu , Ye Jiarui , He Mengke , Junfeng Liu , Siqiang Luo

Query optimization is essential for efficient SQL query execution in DBMS, and remains attractive over time due to the growth of data volumes and advances in hardware. Existing traditional optimizers struggle with the cumbersome hand-tuning…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Suchen Liu , Jun Gao , Yinjun Han , Yang Lin

Despite their remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively leverage historical interaction information in dynamic and complex environments. Memory systems enable LLMs to move beyond stateless interactions by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jizhan Fang , Xinle Deng , Haoming Xu , Ziyan Jiang , Yuqi Tang , Ziwen Xu , Shumin Deng , Yunzhi Yao , Mengru Wang , Shuofei Qiao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Generative AI have achieved remarkable progress, evolving into sophisticated and versatile tools widely adopted across various domains and applications. However, the substantial memory overhead caused by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ranran Zhen , Juntao Li , Yixin Ji , Zhenlin Yang , Tong Liu , Qingrong Xia , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai , Min Zhang

Machine data is central to observability and diagnosis in modern computing systems, appearing in logs, metrics, telemetry traces, and configuration snapshots. When provided to large language models (LLMs), this data typically arrives as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jian Tan , Fan Bu , Yuqing Gao , Dev Khanolkar , Jason Mackay , Boris Sobolev , Lei Jin , Li Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, but deploying them at scale presents significant challenges. We present RTP-LLM, a high-performance inference engine for industrial-scale LLM deployment, successfully…