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An increasing number of countries implement Internet censorship at different scales and for a variety of reasons. In particular, the link between the censored client and entry point to the uncensored network is a frequent target of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Sheharbano Khattak , Laurent Simon , Steven J. Murdoch

Internet censorship is a phenomenon of societal importance and attracts investigation from multiple disciplines. Several research groups, such as Censored Planet, have deployed large scale Internet measurement platforms to collect network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shawn P. Duncan , Hui Chen

Researchers have studied Internet censorship for nearly as long as attempts to censor contents have taken place. Most studies have however been limited to a short period of time and/or a few countries; the few exceptions have traded off…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Arian Akhavan Niaki , Shinyoung Cho , Zachary Weinberg , Nguyen Phong Hoang , Abbas Razaghpanah , Nicolas Christin , Phillipa Gill

Internet censorship limits the access of nodes residing within a specific network environment to the public Internet, and vice versa. During the last decade, techniques for conducting Internet censorship have been developed further.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Steffen Wendzel , Simon Volpert , Sebastian Zillien , Julia Lenz , Philip Rünz , Luca Caviglione

Internet censors often rely on information in the first few packets of a connection to censor unwanted traffic. With the rise of the QUIC transport protocol, prior work has suggested the method of using QUIC connection migration to conceal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Seungju Lee , Mona Wang , Watson Jia , Qiang Wu , Henry Birge-Lee , Liang Wang , Prateek Mittal

With the increase in Internet censorship globally, various circumvention tools have been designed and developed. However, the monetary cost of these tools deeply impacts both user choice and the sustainability of provider operations. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dayeon Kang , Jade Sheffey , Mingshi Wu , Pubali Datta , Amir Houmansadr

Deep packet inspection technology became a cornerstone of Internet censorship by facilitating cheap and effective filtering of what censors consider undesired information. Moreover, filtering is not limited to simple pattern matching but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Philipp Winter , Tobias Pulls , Juergen Fuss

Undoubtedly, the Internet has become one of the most important conduits to information for the general public. Nonetheless, Internet access can be and has been limited systematically or blocked completely during political events in numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry

Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Alexander Darer , Oliver Farnan , Joss Wright

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

A key challenge in censorship-resistant web browsing is being able to direct legitimate users to redirection proxies while preventing censors, posing as insiders, from discovering their addresses and blocking them. We propose a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-03-12 Qiyan Wang , Xun Gong , Giang T. K. Nguyen , Amir Houmansadr , Nikita Borisov

Internet censorship is typically enforced by authorities to achieve information control for a certain group of Internet users. So far existing censorship studies have primarily focused on country-level characterization because (1) in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xiaoqin Liang , Guannan Liu , Lin Jin , Shuai Hao , Haining Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in comprehending complex instructions. However, their blind adherence to provided instructions has led to concerns regarding risks of malicious use. Existing defence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 David Glukhov , Ilia Shumailov , Yarin Gal , Nicolas Papernot , Vardan Papyan

Embedding covert streams into a cover channel is a common approach to circumventing Internet censorship, due to censors' inability to examine encrypted information in otherwise permitted protocols (Skype, HTTPS, etc.). However, recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Haoyu Liu , Alec F. Diallo , Paul Patras

This paper introduces an assumption-lean method that constructs valid and efficient lower predictive bounds (LPBs) for survival times with censored data. We build on recent work by Cand\`es et al. (2021), whose approach first subsets the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-08 Yu Gui , Rohan Hore , Zhimei Ren , Rina Foygel Barber

Survival analysis is a hotspot in statistical research for modeling time-to-event information with data censorship handling, which has been widely used in many applications such as clinical research, information system and other fields with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Kan Ren , Jiarui Qin , Lei Zheng , Zhengyu Yang , Weinan Zhang , Lin Qiu , Yong Yu

Social media is an area where users often experience censorship through a variety of means such as the restriction of search terms or active and retroactive deletion of messages. In this paper we examine the feasibility of automatically…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Donn Morrison

The proliferation of global censorship has led to the development of a plethora of measurement platforms to monitor and expose it. Censorship of the domain name system (DNS) is a key mechanism used across different countries. It is…

Recent works in artificial intelligence fairness attempt to mitigate discrimination by proposing constrained optimization programs that achieve parity for some fairness statistic. Most assume availability of the class label, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Wenbin Zhang , Jeremy C. Weiss

Open communication over the Internet poses a serious threat to countries with repressive regimes, leading them to develop and deploy network-based censorship mechanisms within their networks. Existing censorship circumvention systems face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Amir Houmansadr , Thomas Riedl , Nikita Borisov , Andrew Singer
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