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The logarithmic soft photon theorem in four spacetime dimensions encodes an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry which acts on massive matter as a divergent superphaserotation. Here we extend this result to massless matter which is both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-12 Sangmin Choi , Ameya Kadhe , Andrea Puhm

The universality of gravitational scattering at low energies and large distances encoded in soft theorems and memory effects can be understood from symmetries. In four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes the infinite enhancement of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Sangmin Choi , Alok Laddha , Andrea Puhm

Recently Sahoo and Sen obtained a series of remarkable results concerning sub-leading soft photon and graviton theorems in four dimensions. Even though the S- matrix is infrared divergent, they have shown that the sub-leading soft theorems…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

Gauge theories and perturbative gravity in four dimensions are governed by a tower of infinite-dimensional symmetries which arise from tree-level soft theorems. However, aside from the leading soft theorems which are all-loop exact,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-24 Sangmin Choi , Alok Laddha , Andrea Puhm

A framework of connections between asymptotic symmetries, soft theorems, and memory effects has recently shed light on a universal structure associated with infrared physics. Here, we show how this pattern has been used to fill in missing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-24 Sabrina Pasterski

It was shown by F. Low in the 1950s that the subleading terms of soft photon S-matrix elements obey a universal linear relation. In this paper we give a new interpretation to this old relation, for the case of massless QED, as an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-17 Vyacheslav Lysov , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger

In the present note we show that the recently established connections between soft theorems, large gauge transformations and memories are persistant in the infrared safe formulation of quantum field theory. They take a different and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-13 Mischa Panchenko

We show that in supersymmetric theories, knowing the soft theorem for a single particle in a supermultiplet allows one to immediately determine soft theorems for the remainder of the supermultiplet. While soft theorems in supersymmetric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-07 Adam Tropper

Strominger and his collaborators pioneered the study of equivalence between soft theorems and asymptotic conservation laws. We study this equivalence in the context of loop level subleading soft photon theorem for massless scalar QED in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-19 Sayali Atul Bhatkar

Classical soft photon and soft graviton theorems determine long wavelength electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms for a general classical scattering process in terms of the electric charges and asymptotic momenta of the ingoing and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Biswajit Sahoo

In theories with conserved dipole moment, isolated charged particles (fractons) are immobile, but dipoles can move. We couple these dipoles to the fracton gauge theory and analyze the universal infrared structure. This uncovers an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-27 Alfredo Pérez , Stefan Prohazka , Ali Seraj

In \cite{1808.03288}, logarithmic correction to subleading soft photon and soft graviton theorems have been derived in four spacetime dimensions from the ratio of IR-finite S-matrices. This has been achieved after factoring out IR-divergent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-15 Hare Krishna , Biswajit Sahoo

We study the general structure of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of spatial infinity. Starting from the general solution of the sourced Maxwell equations written in terms of multipole moments as obtained by Iyer and Damour, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-15 Geoffrey Compère , Dima Fontaine , Kevin Nguyen

We derive soft theorems for single-clock cosmologies that enjoy a shift symmetry. These so-called consistency conditions arise from a combination of a large diffeomorphism and the internal shift-symmetry and fix the squeezed limit of all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-20 Bernardo Finelli , Garrett Goon , Enrico Pajer , Luca Santoni

It has been shown that in larger than four space-time dimensions, soft factors that relate the amplitudes with a soft photon or graviton to amplitudes without the soft particle also determine the low frequency radiative part of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Alok Laddha , Ashoke Sen

If a set of charged objects collide in space and the fragments disperse, then this process will emit electromagnetic waves. Classical soft photon theorem determines the constant term and the leading power law fall-off of the wave-form at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-14 Debanjan Karan , Babli Khatun , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen

We study soft theorems at one loop in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory through finite order in the infrared regulator and to subleading order in the soft parameter {\delta}. In particular, we derive a universal constraint from dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-20 Andreas Brandhuber , Edward Hughes , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

In [1,2] it was shown that the subleading soft photon theorem in tree level amplitudes in massless QED is equivalent to a new class of symmetries of the theory parameterized by a vector field on the celestial sphere. In this paper, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-04 Alok Laddha , Prahar Mitra

It is known that soft photon and graviton theorems can be regarded as the Ward-Takahashi identities of asymptotic symmetries. In this paper, we consider soft theorem for pions, i.e., Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with a spontaneously…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 Yuta Hamada , Sotaro Sugishita

Any non-trivial scattering with massless fields in four spacetime dimensions will generically produce an out-state with memory. Scattering with any massless fields violates the standard assumption of asymptotic completeness -- that all "in"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-04 Kartik Prabhu , Gautam Satishchandran
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