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We consider massless scattering from the point of view of the position, momentum, and celestial bases. In these three languages different properties of physical processes become manifest or obscured. Within the soft sector, they highlight…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-07-06 Laura Donnay , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrea Puhm

We revisit the classification, and give explicit realisations, of unitary irreducible representations of the BMS group. As compared to McCarthy's seminal work, we make use of a unique, Lorentz-invariant, decomposition of supermomenta into a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-09 Xavier Bekaert , Yannick Herfray

The complete tree-level S-matrix of four dimensional ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills and ${\cal N} = 8$ supergravity has compact forms as integrals over the moduli space of certain rational maps. In this note we derive formulas for amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Freddy Cachazo , Song He , Ellis Ye Yuan

Recently Sahoo and Sen obtained a series of remarkable results concerning sub-leading soft photon and graviton theorems in four dimensions. Even though the S- matrix is infrared divergent, they have shown that the sub-leading soft theorems…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

We investigate energy correlators in four-dimensional gravitational theories, which provide a simple class of infrared-finite observables. We compute the one- and two-point energy correlators at one loop in $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 Dmitry Chicherin , Gregory P. Korchemsky , Emery Sokatchev , Alexander Zhiboedov

We consider soft graviton scattering for a theory where Einstein's gravity is minimally coupled to a scalar field in the presence of a cosmological constant, i.e. in a background de Sitter space. Employing a perturbative expansion in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Divyesh N. Solanki , Pratik Chattopadhyay , Srijit Bhattacharjee

Classical soft photon and soft graviton theorems determine long wavelength electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms for a general classical scattering process in terms of the electric charges and asymptotic momenta of the ingoing and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Biswajit Sahoo

In a previous article, we have argued that Low's sub-leading soft photon theorem can be recovered as a Ward identity associated to the same large gauge transformations that control the leading piece of the theorem. The key for that was to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-12 Eduardo Conde , Pujian Mao

Soft theorems in gauge theory and gravity encode the universal properties of scattering amplitudes as the zero frequency limit of one or more external states is approached. When the participating particles are treated in the massless limit,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-15 Nikhil Kalyanapuram

The nature of 'time', 'space' and 'reality' are to large extent dependent on our interpretation of Special (SRT) and General Relativity Theory (GRT). In SRT essentially two distinct interpretations exist; the "geometrical" interpretation by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jan , Broekaert

We derive the subleading soft graviton theorem in a generic quantum theory of gravity for arbitrary number of soft external gravitons and arbitrary number of finite energy external states carrying arbitrary mass and spin. Our results are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 Subhroneel Chakrabarti , Sitender Pratap Kashyap , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen , Mritunjay Verma

We derive the leading spin-dependent gravitational tail memory, which appears at the second post-Minkowskian (2 PM) order and behaves as $u^{-2}$ for large retarded time $u$. This result follows from classical soft graviton theorem at order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-09 Debodirna Ghosh , Biswajit Sahoo

We discuss the ultra-relativistic gravitational scattering of two massive particles at two-loop (3PM) level. We find that in this limit the real part of the eikonal, determining the deflection angle, is universal for gravitational theories…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Paolo Di Vecchia , Carlo Heissenberg , Rodolfo Russo , Gabriele Veneziano

We argue that soft gravitational radiation leads to a misidentification of the angular momentum of stars seen in distant galaxies, and that this could be interpreted as an additional mass inside the orbit of the star. It is tempting to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-16 Tom Banks , Willy Fischler

The formulation of General Relativity in which the 4-dimensional space-time is embedded in a flat host space of higher dimension is reconsidered. New classes of embeddings (modeled after Nash's classical free embeddings) are introduced.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Miguel D. Bustamante , Fabrice Debbasch , Marc-Etienne Brachet

It has been shown that in larger than four space-time dimensions, soft factors that relate the amplitudes with a soft photon or graviton to amplitudes without the soft particle also determine the low frequency radiative part of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Alok Laddha , Ashoke Sen

Using universal predictions provided by classical soft theorems, we revisit the energy emission spectrum for gravitational scatterings of compact objects in the low-frequency expansion. We calculate this observable beyond the zero-frequency…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-31 Francesco Alessio , Paolo Di Vecchia , Carlo Heissenberg

The memory effect for Robinson-Trautman waves is explicitly worked out. In a first step, we construct the combined frame rotation and coordinate transformation in which Robinson-Trautman waves are manifestly locally asymptotically flat at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Glenn Barnich , Ali Seraj

Gravitational memory effects are predictions of general relativity that are characterized by an observable effect that persists after the passage of gravitational waves. In recent years, they have garnered particular interest, both due to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-30 Alexander M. Grant , Keefe Mitman

Suggested theory involves a drastic revision of a role of local internal symmetries in physical concept of curved geometry. Under the reflection of fields and their dynamics from Minkowski to Riemannian space a standard gauge principle of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 G. T. Ter-Kazarian