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Initially introduced as a machine translation model, the Transformer architecture has now become the foundation for modern deep learning architecture, with applications in a wide range of fields, from computer vision to natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Martin Courtois , Malte Ostendorff , Leonhard Hennig , Georg Rehm

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) excel at generation, but their global self-attention makes controllable, reference-image-based editing a distinct challenge. Unlike U-Nets, naively injecting local appearance into a DiT can disrupt its holistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shengrong Gu , Ye Wang , Song Wu , Rui Ma , Qian Wang , Lanjun Wang , Zili Yi

Diffusion Transformers (DiT) have emerged as a widely adopted backbone for high-fidelity image and video generation, yet their iterative denoising process incurs high computational costs. Existing training-free acceleration methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Hanshuai Cui , Zhiqing Tang , Qianli Ma , Zhi Yao , Weijia Jia

Although transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across diverse domains, their quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length remains a significant bottleneck, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Lianghao Jiang , Anni Li , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel

Diffusion transformers have achieved remarkable success in high-quality video generation, yet their reliance on spatiotemporal 3D full attention incurs prohibitive computational cost due to the quadratic complexity of attention. Block…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jie Hu , Zixiang Gao , Yutong He , Kun Yuan

While linear-complexity attention mechanisms offer a promising alternative to Softmax attention for overcoming the quadratic bottleneck, training such models from scratch remains prohibitively expensive. Inheriting weights from pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yining Li , Dongchen Han , Zeyu Liu , Hanyi Wang , Yulin Wang , Gao Huang

Recent advances in diffusion models have significantly improved the performance of reference-guided line art colorization. However, existing methods still struggle with region-level color consistency, especially when the reference and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Qianru Qiu , Jiafeng Mao , Kento Masui , Xueting Wang

Diffusion models have shown exceptional performance in visual generation tasks. Recently, these models have shifted from traditional U-Shaped CNN-Attention hybrid structures to fully transformer-based isotropic architectures. While these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuchuan Tian , Jing Han , Chengcheng Wang , Yuchen Liang , Chao Xu , Hanting Chen

Diffusion models are widely recognized for generating high-quality and diverse images, but their poor real-time performance has led to numerous acceleration works, primarily focusing on UNet-based structures. With the more successful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengtao Chen , Mingzhu Shen , Peng Ye , Jianjian Cao , Chongjun Tu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , Yiren Zhao , Tao Chen

Transformers based on the attention mechanism have achieved impressive success in various areas. However, the attention mechanism has a quadratic complexity, significantly impeding Transformers from dealing with numerous tokens and scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Haixu Wu , Jialong Wu , Jiehui Xu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Recent developments in large-scale pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models have significantly improved the generation of high-fidelity images, particularly with the emergence of diffusion transformer models (DiTs). Among diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xudong Lu , Aojun Zhou , Ziyi Lin , Qi Liu , Yuhui Xu , Renrui Zhang , Xue Yang , Junchi Yan , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

This paper presents innovative enhancements to diffusion models by integrating a novel multi-resolution network and time-dependent layer normalization. Diffusion models have gained prominence for their effectiveness in high-fidelity image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Qihao Liu , Zhanpeng Zeng , Ju He , Qihang Yu , Xiaohui Shen , Liang-Chieh Chen

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Linear attention has attracted interest as a computationally efficient approximation to softmax attention, especially for long sequences. Recent studies have explored distilling softmax attention in pre-trained Transformers into linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Naoki Nishikawa , Rei Higuchi , Taiji Suzuki

Despite the promise of synthesizing high-fidelity videos, Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) with 3D full attention suffer from expensive inference due to the complexity of attention computation and numerous sampling steps. For example, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hangliang Ding , Dacheng Li , Runlong Su , Peiyuan Zhang , Zhijie Deng , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

We empirically study the scaling properties of various Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) for text-to-image generation by performing extensive and rigorous ablations, including training scaled DiTs ranging from 0.3B upto 8B parameters on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hao Li , Shamit Lal , Zhiheng Li , Yusheng Xie , Ying Wang , Yang Zou , Orchid Majumder , R. Manmatha , Zhuowen Tu , Stefano Ermon , Stefano Soatto , Ashwin Swaminathan

This paper identifies significant redundancy in the query-key interactions within self-attention mechanisms of diffusion transformer models, particularly during the early stages of denoising diffusion steps. In response to this observation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yifan Pu , Zhuofan Xia , Jiayi Guo , Dongchen Han , Qixiu Li , Duo Li , Yuhui Yuan , Ji Li , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

Diffusion transformers (DiTs) achieve high generative quality but lock FLOPs to image resolution, limiting principled latency-quality trade-offs, and allocate computation uniformly across input spatial tokens, wasting resource allocation to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Moayed Haji-Ali , Willi Menapace , Ivan Skorokhodov , Dogyun Park , Anil Kag , Michael Vasilkovsky , Sergey Tulyakov , Vicente Ordonez , Aliaksandr Siarohin

Transformer-based diffusion models, dubbed Diffusion Transformers (DiTs), have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image and video generation tasks. However, their large model size and slow inference speed limit their practical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Xinyan Liu , Huihong Shi , Yang Xu , Zhongfeng Wang

Transformers have become one of the dominant architectures in deep learning, particularly as a powerful alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision. However, Transformer training and inference in previous works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Zizheng Pan , Bohan Zhuang , Haoyu He , Jing Liu , Jianfei Cai