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This article concerns testing for equality of distribution between groups. We focus on screening variables with shared distributional features such as common support, modes and patterns of skewness. We propose a Bayesian testing method…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-19 Eric F. Lock , David B. Dunson

The development of molecular diagnostic tools to achieve individualized medicine requires identifying predictive biomarkers associated with subgroups of individuals who might receive beneficial or harmful effects from different available…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-20 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Hisashi Noma

Exposure to diverse non-genetic factors, known as the exposome, is a critical determinant of health outcomes. However, analyzing the exposome presents significant methodological challenges, including: high collinearity among exposures, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-10 Matteo Amestoy , Mark van de Wiel , Jeroen Lakerveld , Wessel van Wieringen

Individual-based models of contagious processes are useful for predicting epidemic trajectories and informing intervention strategies. In such models, the incorporation of contact network information can capture the non-randomness and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-09 Maxwell H. Wang , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

This paper addresses patient heterogeneity associated with prediction problems in biomedical applications. We propose a systematic hypothesis testing approach to determine the existence of patient subgroup structure and the number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-08 Xu Gao , Weining Shen , Jing Ning , Ziding Feng , Jianhua Hu

We consider the problem of inferring the values of an arbitrary set of variables (e.g., risk of diseases) given other observed variables (e.g., symptoms and diagnosed diseases) and high-dimensional signals (e.g., MRI images or EEG). This is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-07 Hao Wang , Chengzhi Mao , Hao He , Mingmin Zhao , Tommi S. Jaakkola , Dina Katabi

Survival models are used in various fields, such as the development of cancer treatment protocols. Although many statistical and machine learning models have been proposed to achieve accurate survival predictions, little attention has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Hrushikesh Loya , Pranav Poduval , Deepak Anand , Neeraj Kumar , Amit Sethi

Re-randomization has gained popularity as a tool for experiment-based causal inference due to its superior covariate balance and statistical efficiency compared to classic randomized experiments. However, the basic re-randomization method,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-20 Zhaoyang Liu , Tingxuan Han , Donald B. Rubin , Ke Deng

Accurate cancer risk estimation is crucial to clinical decision-making, such as identifying high-risk people for screening. However, most existing cancer risk models incorporate data from epidemiologic studies, which usually cannot…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Lingxiao Wang , Yan Li , Barry Graubard , Hormuzd Katki

The discovery of disease subtypes is an essential step for developing precision medicine, and disease subtyping via omics data has become a popular approach. While promising, subtypes obtained from conventional approaches may not be…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-28 Lingsong Meng , Zhiguang Huo

Regional aggregates of health outcomes over delineated administrative units (e.g., states, counties, zip codes), or areal units, are widely used by epidemiologists to map mortality or incidence rates and capture geographic variation. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-03 Leiwen Gao , Sudipto Banerjee , Beate Ritz

To make informative public policy decisions in battling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to know the disease prevalence in a population. There are two intertwined difficulties in estimating this prevalence based on testing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-01 Bryan Cai , John P. A. Ioannidis , Eran Bendavid , Lu Tian

We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric inference approach for aggregate adverse event (AE) monitoring across studies. The proposed model seamlessly integrates external data from historical trials to define a relevant background rate and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 Shijie Yuan , Kevin Roberts , Noirrit Kiran Chandra , Yuan Ji , Peter Müller

Improving health worldwide will require rigorous quantification of population-level trends in health status. However, global-level surveys are not available, forcing researchers to rely on fragmentary country-specific data of varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-05-20 Mariel M. Finucane , Christopher J. Paciorek , Goodarz Danaei , Majid Ezzati

The ability to accurately estimate risk of developing breast cancer would be invaluable for clinical decision-making. One promising new approach is to integrate image-based risk models based on deep neural networks. However, one must take…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-17 Yue Liu , Hossein Azizpour , Fredrik Strand , Kevin Smith

Multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) are increasingly observed in clinical practice globally. Clustering methods to group diseases into commonly co-occurring clusters have been of interest for further understanding of how MLTC group…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-02 James Rafferty , Keith R Abrams , Munir Pirmohamed , Mark Davies , Rhiannon K Owen

We propose a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) approach to causal inference using observational data consisting of outcome, treatment, and a set of confounders. The conditional distribution of the outcome given treatment and confounders is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Yongseok Hur , Joonhyuk Jung , Juhee Lee

This paper focuses on the Bayesian Network Propensity Score (BNPS), a novel approach for estimating treatment effects in observational studies characterized by unknown (and likely unbalanced) designs and complex dependency structures among…

We address causal estimation in semi-competing risks settings, where a non-terminal event may be precluded by one or more terminal events. We define a principal-stratification causal estimand for treatment effects on the non-terminal event,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Karina Gelis-Cadena , Michael Daniels , Juned Siddique

Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) are at the center of health economic decision making. While these analyses help policy analysts and economists determine coverage, inform policy, and guide resource allocation, they are statistically…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-10 Arman Oganisian , Nandita Mitra , Jason Roy