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Human engagement estimation in conversational scenarios is essential for applications such as adaptive tutoring, remote healthcare assessment, and socially aware human--computer interaction. Engagement is a dynamic, multimodal signal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shenwei Kang , Xin Zhang , Wen Liu , Bin Li , Yujie Liu , Bo Gao

Accurate classification of sleep stages from less obtrusive sensor measurements such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmogram (PPG) could enable important applications in sleep medicine. Existing approaches to this problem have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan F. Carter , Lionel Tarassenko

Foundation models, now powering most of the exciting applications in deep learning, are almost universally based on the Transformer architecture and its core attention module. Many subquadratic-time architectures such as linear attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Albert Gu , Tri Dao

Biological signals, such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs), play a pivotal role in numerous clinical practices, such as diagnosing brain and cardiac arrhythmic diseases. Existing methods for biosignal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jian Qian , Teck Lun Goh , Bingyu Xie , Chengyao Zhu , Biao Wan , Yawen Guan , Rachel Ding Chen , Patrick Yin Chiang

Understanding the sleep quality and architecture is essential to human being's health, which is usually represented using multiple sleep stages. A standard sleep stage determination requires Electroencephalography (EEG) signals during the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-26 Yuezhou Zhang , Zhicheng Yang , Ke Lan , Xiaoli Liu , Zhengbo Zhang , Peiyao Li , Desen Cao , Jiewen Zheng , Jianli Pan

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals play a crucial role in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. To reduce power consumption in wearable or portable devices used for long-term ECG monitoring, super-resolution (SR) techniques have been developed,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jie Lin , I Chiu , Kuan-Chen Wang , Kai-Chun Liu , Hsin-Min Wang , Ping-Cheng Yeh , Yu Tsao

Deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks and transformers have shown impressive capabilities in speech verification, gaining considerable attention in the research community. However, CNN-based approaches struggle with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Yang Liu , Li Wan , Yiteng Huang , Ming Sun , Yangyang Shi , Florian Metze

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important non-invasive method for diagnosing cardiovascular disease. However, ECG signals are susceptible to noise contamination, such as electrical interference or signal wandering, which reduces diagnostic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Kuan-Chen Wang , Kai-Chun Liu , Wei-Lun Chen , Xugang Lu , Yu Tsao , Chii-Wann Lin

In this paper, we address the challenges in automatic sleep stage classification, particularly the high computational cost, inadequate modeling of bidirectional temporal dependencies, and class imbalance issues faced by Transformer-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Xinliang Zhou , Yuzhe Han , Zhisheng Chen , Chenyu Liu , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Yang Liu

Wearable sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) is a critical research domain in activity perception. However, achieving high efficiency and long sequence recognition remains a challenge. Despite the extensive investigation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Shuangjian Li , Tao Zhu , Furong Duan , Liming Chen , Huansheng Ning , Christopher Nugent , Yaping Wan

State space models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to transformer-based models, offering linear complexity that scales better than transformers. One of the latest advances in SSMs, Mamba, introduces a selective scan…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Junpeng Wang , Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Uday Singh Saini , Mahashweta Das

U-shaped architectures have long dominated the field of medical image segmentation, while Transformers are widely employed for modeling long-range dependencies. The former typically handles scale variations implicitly by aggregating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhua Zhang , Ke Zhang , Jingyu Wang , Gabriella Balestra , Samanta Rosati , Yulin Wu , Wuwei Wang , Valentina Giannini

In the era of large-scale pre-trained models, effectively adapting general knowledge to specific affective computing tasks remains a challenge, particularly regarding computational efficiency and multimodal heterogeneity. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yan Li , Yifei Xing , Xiangyuan Lan , Xin Li , Haifeng Chen , Dongmei Jiang

In this work, we propose a new efficient solution, which is a Mamba-based model named BMACE (Bidirectional Mamba-based network, for Automatic Chord Estimation), which utilizes selective structured state-space models in a bidirectional Mamba…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Chunyu Yuan , Johanna Devaney

Transformers and their variants have achieved great success in speech processing. However, their multi-head self-attention mechanism is computationally expensive. Therefore, one novel selective state space model, Mamba, has been proposed as…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Yang Xiao , Rohan Kumar Das

Modeling daily hand interactions often struggles with severe occlusions, such as when two hands overlap, which highlights the need for robust feature learning in 3D hand pose estimation (HPE). To handle such occluded hand images, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yifan Zhou , Takehiko Ohkawa , Guwenxiao Zhou , Kanoko Goto , Takumi Hirose , Yusuke Sekikawa , Nakamasa Inoue

Recent advances in deep learning structured state space models, especially the Mamba architecture, have demonstrated remarkable performance improvements while maintaining linear complexity. In this study, we introduce functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yuxiang Wei , Anees Abrol , Vince Calhoun

White blood cell (WBC) classification assists in assessing immune health and diagnosing various diseases, yet manual classification is labor-intensive and prone to inconsistencies. Recent advancements in deep learning have shown promise…

Radiography imaging protocols target on specific anatomical regions, resulting in highly consistent images with recurrent structural patterns across patients. Recent advances in medical anomaly detection have demonstrated the effectiveness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rui Pan , Ruiying Lu

Widely used traditional pipelines for subcortical brain segmentation are often inefficient and slow, particularly when processing large datasets. Furthermore, deep learning models face challenges due to the high resolution of MRI images and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Aaron Cao , Zongyu Li , Jordan Jomsky , Andrew F. Laine , Jia Guo