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Despite significant work on low-bit quantization-aware training (QAT), there is still an accuracy gap between such techniques and native training. To address this, we introduce CAGE (Curvature-Aware Gradient Estimation), a new QAT method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Soroush Tabesh , Mher Safaryan , Andrei Panferov , Alexandra Volkova , Dan Alistarh

Transformer-based architectures have become the de-facto standard models for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint and high latency are prohibitive for efficient deployment and inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

Model quantization is widely applied for compressing and accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs). However, conventional Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) focuses on training DNNs with uniform bit-width. The bit-width settings vary across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haiduo Huang , Zhenhua Liu , Tian Xia , Wenzhe zhao , Pengju Ren

Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

Neural network quantization enables the deployment of large models on resource-constrained devices. Current post-training quantization methods fall short in terms of accuracy for INT4 (or lower) but provide reasonable accuracy for INT8 (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Yury Nahshan , Brian Chmiel , Chaim Baskin , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Ron Banner , Alex M. Bronstein , Avi Mendelson

Neural network quantization procedure is the necessary step for porting of neural networks to mobile devices. Quantization allows accelerating the inference, reducing memory consumption and model size. It can be performed without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Alexander Goncharenko , Andrey Denisov , Sergey Alyamkin , Evgeny Terentev

Model quantization is considered as a promising method to greatly reduce the resource requirements of deep neural networks. To deal with the performance drop induced by quantization errors, a popular method is to use training data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Kanghyun Choi , Hye Yoon Lee , Deokki Hong , Joonsang Yu , Noseong Park , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Network quantization, which aims to reduce the bit-lengths of the network weights and activations, has emerged for their deployments to resource-limited devices. Although recent studies have successfully discretized a full-precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jung Hyun Lee , Jihun Yun , Sung Ju Hwang , Eunho Yang

Quantization is an effective way to reduce the memory cost of large-scale model training. However, most existing methods adopt fixed-precision policies, which ignore the fact that optimizer-state distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Minglu Liu , Cunchen Hu , Liangliang Xu , Fengming Tang , Ruijia Wang , Fu Yu

Integer AI inference significantly reduces computational complexity in embedded systems. Quantization-aware training (QAT) helps mitigate accuracy degradation associated with post-training quantization but still overlooks the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lion Mueller , Alberto Garcia-Ortiz , Ardalan Najafi , Adam Fuks , Lennart Bamberg

Training neural networks requires significant computational resources and energy. Methods like mixed-precision and quantization-aware training reduce bit usage, yet they still depend heavily on computationally expensive gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Noa Cohen , Omkar Joglekar , Dotan Di Castro , Vladimir Tchuiev , Shir Kozlovsky , Michal Moshkovitz

Recently low-precision deep learning accelerators (DLAs) have become popular due to their advantages in chip area and energy consumption, yet the low-precision quantized models on these DLAs bring in severe accuracy degradation. One way to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Qinghao Hu , Gang Li , Qiman Wu , Jian Cheng

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical approach to compress large neural networks, making them highly efficient for deployment. However, effectively reducing these models to their low-bit counterparts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aozhong Zhang , Zi Yang , Naigang Wang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin , Xin Li , Penghang Yin

The deployment of deep neural networks on resource-constrained devices relies on quantization. While static, uniform quantization applies a fixed bit-width to all inputs, it fails to adapt to their varying complexity. Dynamic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Francesca Palermo , Diana Trojaniello , Manuel Roveri

Operating deep neural networks on devices with limited resources requires the reduction of their memory footprints and computational requirements. In this paper we introduce a training method, called look-up table quantization, LUT-Q, which…

We propose a Quantization Guided Training (QGT) method to guide DNN training towards optimized low-bit-precision targets and reach extreme compression levels below 8-bit precision. Unlike standard quantization-aware training (QAT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sedigh Ghamari , Koray Ozcan , Thu Dinh , Andrey Melnikov , Juan Carvajal , Jan Ernst , Sek Chai

Implementation of quantized neural networks on computing hardware leads to considerable speed up and memory saving. However, quantized deep networks are difficult to train and batch~normalization (BatchNorm) layer plays an important role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Eyyüb Sari , Vahid Partovi Nia

Efficient model inference is an important and practical issue in the deployment of deep neural network on resource constraint platforms. Network quantization addresses this problem effectively by leveraging low-bit representation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Tianshu Chu , Qin Luo , Jie Yang , Xiaolin Huang

Post Training Quantization (PTQ) is widely adopted due to its high compression capacity and speed with minimal impact on accuracy. However, we observed that disparate impacts are exacerbated by quantization, especially for minority groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Abhimanyu Bellam , Jung-Eun Kim