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This paper proposes two novel techniques to train deep convolutional neural networks with low bit-width weights and activations. First, to obtain low bit-width weights, most existing methods obtain the quantized weights by performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Tuan Hoang , Thanh-Toan Do , Tam V. Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Processing-in-memory (PIM), an increasingly studied neuromorphic hardware, promises orders of energy and throughput improvements for deep learning inference. Leveraging the massively parallel and efficient analog computing inside memories,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Qing Jin , Zhiyu Chen , Jian Ren , Yanyu Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely adopted to quantize language models by training full-precision weights using gradients from the quantized model. The main bottleneck is its slow convergence and early performance plateau,…

Model quantization reduces neural network parameter precision to achieve compression, but often compromises accuracy. Existing post-training quantization (PTQ) methods employ iterative parameter updates to preserve accuracy under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zekang Zheng , Haokun Li , Yaofo Chen , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

As an effective technique to achieve the implementation of deep neural networks in edge devices, model quantization has been successfully applied in many practical applications. No matter the methods of quantization aware training (QAT) or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Qigong Sun , Xiufang Li , Yan Ren , Zhongjian Huang , Xu Liu , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

We study the problem of training and certifying adversarially robust quantized neural networks (QNNs). Quantization is a technique for making neural networks more efficient by running them using low-bit integer arithmetic and is therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Daniela Rus

Quantization has become a crucial step for the efficient deployment of deep neural networks, where floating point operations are converted to simpler fixed point operations. In its most naive form, it simply consists in a combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

At present, the quantification methods of neural network models are mainly divided into post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization aware training (QAT). Post-training quantization only need a small part of the data to complete the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Huabin Diao , Gongyan Li , Shaoyun Xu , Yuexing Hao

Quantization techniques, including quantization-aware training (QAT) and post-training quantization (PTQ), have become essential for inference acceleration of image super-resolution (SR) networks. Compared to QAT, PTQ has garnered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailing Wang , jianglin Lu , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Quantization-aware training (QAT) starts with a pre-trained full-precision model and performs quantization during retraining. However, existing QAT works require supervision from the labels and they suffer from accuracy loss due to reduced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Kaiqi Zhao , Ming Zhao

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Quantization techniques applied to the inference of deep neural networks have enabled fast and efficient execution on resource-constraint devices. The success of quantization during inference has motivated the academic community to explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Marios Fournarakis , Markus Nagel

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a neural network compression technique that converts a full-precision model into a quantized model using lower-precision data types. Although it can help reduce the size and computational cost of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jiawei Liu , Lin Niu , Zhihang Yuan , Dawei Yang , Xinggang Wang , Wenyu Liu

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

We propose a method of training quantization thresholds (TQT) for uniform symmetric quantizers using standard backpropagation and gradient descent. Contrary to prior work, we show that a careful analysis of the straight-through estimator…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Sambhav R. Jain , Albert Gural , Michael Wu , Chris H. Dick

Large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in many application scenarios. However, high computational complexity and energy costs of modern DNNs make their deployment on edge devices challenging. Model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Cédric Gernigon , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Olivier Sentieys , Clément Coggiola , Mickael Bruno

Quantization is essential for reducing the computational cost and memory usage of deep neural networks, enabling efficient inference on low-precision hardware. Despite the growing adoption of uniform and floating-point quantization schemes,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Mehmet Aktukmak , Daniel Huang , Ke Ding