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This paper studies RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO systems, where multiple RISs are deployed to assist the communication between multiple access points (APs) and multiple users, with either continuous or discrete phase shifts at the RISs.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Si-Nian Jin , Dian-Wu Yue , Ha H. Nguyen

The integration of communication and computation is essential for next-generation wireless systems, especially in scenarios demanding massive connectivity and ultra-low latency. Over-the-air federated learning (AirFL), leveraging the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Saeid Pakravan , Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Ming Zeng , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Xingwang Li

This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. By ingeniously harnessing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Ming Jin , Wei Liu , Qinghua Guo , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) offer enhanced spatial diversity for next-generation wireless systems. However, acquiring accurate channel state information (CSI) remains challenging due to the large number of reconfigurable ports and the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Erqiang Tang , Wei Guo , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Electromagnetically reconfigurable fluid antenna systems (ER-FAS) introduce additional degrees of freedom in the electromagnetic (EM) domain by dynamically steering per-antenna radiation patterns, thereby enhancing power efficiency in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Alireza Fadakar , Yuchen Zhang , Hui Chen , Musa Furkan Keskin , Henk Wymeersch , Andreas F. Molisch

When the concept of fluid antenna system (FAS) is applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, this gives rise to MIMO-FAS, a.k.a.~fluid MIMO. Under rich scattering, the spatial correlation matrices are governed by the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Tuo Wu , Kai-Kit Wong , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong , Hyundong Shin

This paper investigates flexible beamforming design in an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network with movable antennas (MAs). A bistatic radar system is integrated into a multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-20 Wanting Lyu , Songjie Yang , Yue Xiu , Zhongpei Zhang , Chadi Assi , Chau Yuen

The concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) upgrades the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) paradigm by empowering its reflecting elements with positioning reconfigurability. This letter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Boyi Tang , Wen Chen , Chan-Byoung Chae

We investigate whether equipping fluid-antenna (FA) receivers with multiple ($L>1$) radiofrequency (RF) chains can improve the performance of the slow fluid-antenna multiple access (FAMA) technique, which enables open-loop connectivity with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 José P. González-Coma , F. Javier López-Martínez

Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) is regarded as a crucial and powerful physical layer (PHY) paradigm for next-generation communication systems. Particularly, users employ successive interference cancellation (SIC) to decode part of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Cixiao Zhang , Size Peng , Yin Xu , Qingqing Wu , Xiaowu Ou , Xinghao Guo , Dazhi He , Wenjun Zhang

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) are emerging as a reconfigurable-aperture technology that expands physical-layer design beyond fixed, rigid antenna geometries. While the \emph{fading diversity} of FASs -- which exploits spatial channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhentian Zhang , Jingyuan Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Jiang , Zaichen Zhang , Hyundong Shin

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cell-free (CF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks can significantly enhance system performance. However, the extensive deployment of RIS elements imposes considerable channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Hongqin Ke , Jindan Xu , Wei Xu , Chau Yuen , Zhaohua Lu

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and movable antenna (MA)/fluid antenna (FA) techniques have both received increasing attention in the realm of wireless communications due to their ability to reconfigure and improve wireless channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xin Wei , Weidong Mei , Qingqing Wu , Boyu Ning , Zhi Chen

The frequency diverse array (FDA) is highly promising for improving covert communication performance by adjusting the frequency of each antenna at the transmitter. However, when faced with the cases of multiple wardens and highly correlated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Zihao Cheng , Jiangbo Si , Zan Li , Pengpeng Liu , Xiaoting Wang , Naofal Al-Dhahir

With the evolution of mobile communication systems toward large-scale arrays, high-frequency operation, and reconfigurable antenna architectures, fluid antenna systems (FAS) operating in the near-field (NF) regime provide new degrees of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Peng Zhang , Jian Dang , Miaowen Wen , Ziyang Liu , Chen Zhao , Huaifeng Shi , Chengsheng Pan , Zaichen Zhang

With the surging demand for ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ubiquitous connectivity in Sixth-Generation (6G) networks, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) emerge as a key complement to terrestrial networks by offering flexible access and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianheng Xu , Runke Fan , Jie Zhu , Pei Peng , Xianfu Chen , Qingqing Wu , Ming Jiang , Celimuge Wu , Dusit Niyato , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper addresses the challenge of large model (LM)-embedded wireless network for handling the trade-off problem of model accuracy and network latency. To guarantee a high-quality of users' service, the network latency should be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yichen Jin , Zongze Li , Zeyi Ren , Qingfeng Lin , Yik-Chung Wu

The fluid antenna system (FAS) refers to a family of reconfigurable antenna technologies that provide substantial spatial gains within a compact, predefined small space, thereby offering extensive degrees of freedom in the physical layer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , David Morales-Jimenez , Hao Jiang , Zaichen Zhang , Christos Masouros , Chan-Byoung Chae

This study investigates subarray-level movable antenna (MA) architecture for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. Unlike conventional systems with fixed-position antennas (FPAs), the proposed scheme harnesses the additional positional degrees…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Shanshan Zhang , Songjie Yang , Wenxuan Zhang , Youzhi Xiong , Siya Yao

In this letter, we propose to employ movable antenna (MA) to enhance covert communications with noise uncertainty, where the confidential data is transmitted from an MA-aided access point (AP) to multiple users with a warden attempting to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Haobin Mao , Xiangyu Pi , Lipeng Zhu , Zhenyu Xiao , Xiang-Gen Xia , Rui Zhang