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We report the observation of second-harmonic generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides grown via low-pressure chemical vapour deposition. Quasi-rectangular waveguides with a large cross section were used, with a height of 1…

One of the main difficulties to efficiently generating high-order harmonics in long neutral-gas targets is to reach the phase-matching conditions. One issue is that the medium cannot be sufficiently ionized by the driving laser due to…

Nonlinear frequency conversion in optics can originate the coherent light at the wavelength where it is hard or unlikely to achieve by directly lasing and is a fundamental topic in science and engineering covering both classical and quantum…

Optics · Physics 2019-12-02 Mingchuan Shao , Fei Liang , Haohai Yu , Huaijin Zhang

We demonstrate post-fabrication target-wavelength trimming with a gallium phosphide on silicon nitride integrated photonic platform using controlled electron-beam exposure of hydrogen silsesquioxane cladding. A linear relationship between…

The high-order harmonic generation (HHG), if phase matched, opens a unique way to produce coherent ultrafast extreme-UV (XUV) or soft x-ray light sources. Here we describe a robust and tunable method for scaling and narrowing the bandwidth…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-03 L. Mashhadi , G. Shayeganrad

We show that deliberately engineered spatially dispersive metamaterial slab can enable co-existence and phase matching of contra-propagating ordinary fundamental and backward second harmonic electromagnetic modes. Energy flux and phase…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-09 A. K. Popov , I. S. Nefedov , S. A. Myslivets

In nonlinear nanophotonics, cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) in pure plasmonic waveguides for sequential signal transformation and complex on-chip functionality remains a long-standing challenge. Precise phase matching becomes…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-22 Komal Gupta , Anand Hegde , Xiaofei Wu , Jer-Shing Huang , Chen-Bin Huang

Plasmonic waveguides provide an integrated platform to develop efficient nanoscale ultrafast photonic devices. Theoretical models that describe nonlinear optical phenomena in plasmonic waveguides, usually, only incorporate bulk…

Parametric oscillation is a fundamental concept that underlies nonlinear wave-matter interactions, leading to generation or amplification of new frequency components. Using a temporal modulation generated by the heterodyne interference of a…

Optics · Physics 2020-01-10 Xuexue Guo , Xingjie Ni

Phase matching is essential for efficient energy transfer in nonlinear wave-mixing processes. Traditional methods, such as birefringent and quasi-phase matching, have remained conceptually unchanged since their discovery over 60 years ago,…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-23 Danielle Ben-Haim , Mai Tal , Xiaoxi Xu , Tal Ellenbogen

Second harmonic generation (SHG) extensively employs periodically poled nonlinear crystals through forward quasi-phase-matching to achieve efficient frequency conversion. As poling periods approach sub-micrometers, backward…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-15 Fengyan Yang , Juanjuan Lu , Mohan Shen , Guangcanlan Yang , Hong X. Tang

Metasurfaces have emerged as a promising platform for integrated nonlinear optics. Nonlocal metasurfaces enable high nonlinear conversion efficiency, while the local ones can offer versatile wavefront control, yet achieving both within a…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-03 Yu Tian , Nuo Wang , Qi Liu , Shuyuan Xiao , Tingting Liu , Olivier J. F. Martin , Ying Gu

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids - the frequency up-conversion of an optical signal - is governed by symmetries. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, HHG is a key technology to access high frequency spectral windows that are…

Efficient coupling between integrated optical waveguides and optical fibers is essential to the success of integrated photonics. While many solutions exist, perfectly vertical grating couplers which scatter light out of a waveguide in the…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-14 Andrew Michaels , Eli Yablonovitch

We demonstrate phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) from three-dimensional metamaterials consisting of stacked metasurfaces. To achieve phase matching, we utilize a novel mechanism based on phase engineering of the metasurfaces at…

We experimentally study nonlinear generation of the second harmonic by backward volume spin waves propagating in microscopic magnonic waveguides fabricated from a low-loss magnetic insulator with a thickness of several tens of nanometers.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 K. O. Nikolaev , S. R. Lake , B. Das Mohapatra , G. Schmidt , S. O. Demokritov , V. E. Demidov

High complexity, dense integrated nanophotonic circuits possessing strong nonlinearities are desirable for a breadth of applications in classical and quantum optics. In this work, we study natural phase matching via modal engineering in…

Optics · Physics 2018-05-30 Jia-Yang Chen. Yong Meng Sua , Heng Fan , Yu-ping Huang

Dielectric metasurfaces provide a unique platform for efficient harmonic generation and optical wavefront manipulation at the nanoscale. While several approaches are available for performing wavefront shaping, the one exploiting geometric…

We present theoretical predictions of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the interaction of short femtosecond laser pulses with metal nanotips. It has been demonstrated that high energy electrons can be generated using…

High-harmonic generation (HHG) provides short-wavelength light that is useful for precision spectroscopy and probing ultrafast dynamics. We report efficient, phase-coherent harmonic generation up to 9th-order (333 nm) in chirped…