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The goal of continual learning is to find a model that solves multiple learning tasks which are presented sequentially to the learner. A key challenge in this setting is that the learner may forget how to solve a previous task when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Liangzu Peng , Paris V. Giampouras , René Vidal

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years has largely focused on English, resulting in models that respond exclusively in English. To adapt these models to other languages, continual pre-training (CP) is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuang-Ming Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with domain-specific instructions has emerged as an effective method to enhance their domain-specific understanding. Yet, there is limited work that examines the core characteristics acquired during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Varun Nathan , Ayush Kumar , Digvijay Ingle , Jithendra Vepa

Continual learning is essential for medical image classification systems to adapt to dynamically evolving clinical environments. The integration of multimodal information can significantly enhance continual learning of image classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiantao Tan , Peixian Ma , Kanghao Chen , Zhiming Dai , Ruixuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Prompting and in-context learning (ICL) have become efficient learning paradigms for large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs suffer from prompt brittleness and various bias factors in the prompt, including but not limited to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Lev Proleev , Diana Mincu , Jilin Chen , Katherine Heller , Subhrajit Roy

Cross-modal reasoning (CMR), the intricate process of synthesizing and drawing inferences across divergent sensory modalities, is increasingly recognized as a crucial capability in the progression toward more sophisticated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shengsheng Qian , Zuyi Zhou , Dizhan Xue , Bing Wang , Changsheng Xu

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) or continual learning is a desired capability in the real world, which requires a learning system to adapt to new tasks without forgetting former ones. While traditional CIL methods focus on visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Da-Wei Zhou , Yuanhan Zhang , Yan Wang , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Ziwei Liu

Continual instruction tuning enables large language models (LLMs) to learn incrementally while retaining past knowledge, whereas existing methods primarily focus on how to retain old knowledge rather than on selecting which new knowledge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Peiyi Lin , Fukai Zhang , Kai Niu , Hao Fu

A fundamental issue in deep learning has been adversarial robustness. As these systems have scaled, such issues have persisted. Currently, large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters suffer from adversarial attacks just like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Brian Formento , Chuan Sheng Foo , See-Kiong Ng

This paper investigates using large language models (LLMs) to generate control actions directly, without requiring control-engineering expertise or hand-tuned algorithms. We implement several variants: (i) prompt-only, (ii) tool-assisted…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Adil Rasheed , Oscar Ravik , Omer San

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao

Continual learning (CL) is crucial for evaluating adaptability in learning solutions to retain knowledge. Our research addresses the challenge of catastrophic forgetting, where models lose proficiency in previously learned tasks as they…

In the past, continual learning (CL) was mostly concerned with the problem of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, that arises when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. Current CL methods function within the confines of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Current evaluations of Continual Learning (CL) methods typically assume that there is no constraint on training time and computation. This is an unrealistic assumption for any real-world setting, which motivates us to propose: a practical…

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful general-purpose interfaces for many machine learning problems. Recent work has adapted LLMs to generative visual tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and visual chat,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Piotr Teterwak , Ximeng Sun , Bryan A. Plummer , Kate Saenko , Ser-Nam Lim

Currently, large language models (LLMs) predominantly focus on the text modality. To enable more natural human-AI interaction, speech LLMs are emerging, but building effective end-to-end speech LLMs remains challenging due to limited data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yun Hong , Yang Feng

Training large language representation models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. This allows for fine tuning on any number of specific tasks, however, these large high capacity models can continue to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kristjan Arumae , Parminder Bhatia

Existing work on continual learning (CL) is primarily devoted to developing algorithms for models trained from scratch. Despite their encouraging performance on contrived benchmarks, these algorithms show dramatic performance drops in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kuan-Ying Lee , Yuanyi Zhong , Yu-Xiong Wang