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The Erd\"os-S\'os conjecture states that if $G$ is a graph with average degree more than $k-1$, then G contains every tree of $k$ edges. A spider is a tree with at most one vertex of degree more than 2. In this paper, we prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Genghua Fan , Yanmei Hong , Qinghai Liu

For integer $k\geq2,$ a spanning $k$-ended-tree is a spanning tree with at most $k$ leaves. Motivated by the closure theorem of Broersma and Tuinstra [Independence trees and Hamilton cycles, J. Graph Theory 29 (1998) 227--237], we provide…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Guoyan Ao , Ruifang Liu , Jinjiang Yuan

Menger's theorem tells us that if $S,T$ are sets of vertices in a graph $G$, then (for $k\ge0$) either there are $k+1$ vertex-disjoint paths between $S$ and $T$, or there is a set of $k$ vertices separating $S$ and $T$. But what if we want…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Tung Nguyen , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

In 2021 Baudier, Motakis, Schlumprecht, and Zs\'ak proved that if a sequence of graphs $(G_k)_{k\in{\mathbb{N}}}$ contains the sequence of complete graphs with uniformly bounded distortion, then the sequence of lamplighter graphs on $G_k$'s…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Charlotte Melby , Beata Randrianantoanina

An edge-coloured cycle is $rainbow$ if all edges of the cycle have distinct colours. For $k\geq 1$, let $\mathcal{F}_{k}$ denote the family of all graphs with the property that any $k$ vertices lie on a cycle. For $G\in \mathcal{F}_{k}$, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Shasha Li , Yongtang Shi , Jianhua Tu , Yan Zhao

In this paper, we study the well-known Kohayakawa-Nagle-R{\"o}dl-Schacht (KNRS) conjecture, with a specific focus on graph subdivisions. The KNRS conjecture asserts that for any graph $H$, locally dense graphs contain asymptotically at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-12 Hao Chen , Yupeng Lin , Jie Ma

We find the threshold for the existence of a collection of edge disjoint copies of $K_r$ that form a cyclic structure and span all vertices of $G_{n,p}$. We use a recent result of Riordan to give a two line proof of the main result.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-01 Alan Frieze

A bridgeless cubic graph $G$ is said to have a 2-bisection if there exists a 2-vertex-colouring of $G$ (not necessarily proper) such that: (i) the colour classes have the same cardinality, and (ii) the monochromatic components are either an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Jean Paul Zerafa

We prove that, for every $k=1,2,...,$ every shortest-path metric on a graph of pathwidth $k$ embeds into a distribution over random trees with distortion at most $c$ for some $c=c(k)$. A well-known conjecture of Gupta, Newman, Rabinovich,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-10-09 James R. Lee , Anastasios Sidiropoulos

We prove that every properly edge-colored $n$-vertex graph with average degree at least $100(\log n)^2$ contains a rainbow cycle, improving upon $(\log n)^{2+o(1)}$ bound due to Tomon. We also prove that every properly colored $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Jaehoon Kim , Joonkyung Lee , Hong Liu , Tuan Tran

The 1-2-3 Conjecture, posed by Karo\'{n}ski, {\L}uczak and Thomason, asked whether every connected graph $G$ different from $K_2$ can be 3-edge-weighted so that every two adjacent vertices of $G$ get distinct sums of incident weights. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Jing-zhi Chang , Chao Yang , Zhi-xiang Yin , Bing Yao

We present several results in extremal graph and hypergraph theory of topological nature. First, we show that if $\alpha>0$ and $\ell=\Omega(\frac{1}{\alpha}\log\frac{1}{\alpha})$ is an odd integer, then every graph $G$ with $n$ vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-04 István Tomon

Bassino et al. (arXiv:1907.08517) have shown that uniform random co-graphs (graphs without induced $P_4$) of size $n$ converge to a certain non-deterministic graphon. The edge-density of this graphon is a random variable $\Lambda \in [0,1]$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Guillaume Chapuy

Given graphs $G_1,\ldots,G_s$ all on the same vertex set and a graph $H$ with $e(H) \leq s$, a copy of $H$ is transversal or rainbow if it contains at most one edge from each $G_c$. When $s=e(H)$, such a copy contains exactly one edge from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-07 Yangyang Cheng , Katherine Staden

A linear forest is a collection of vertex-disjoint paths. The Linear Arboricity Conjecture states that every graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be decomposed into at most $\lceil(\Delta+1)/2\rceil$ linear forests. We prove that $\Delta/2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Micha Christoph , Nemanja Draganić , António Girão , Eoin Hurley , Lukas Michel , Alp Müyesser

Bridges are a classical concept in structural graph theory and play a fundamental role in the study of cycles. A conjecture of Voss from 1991 asserts that if disjoint bridges $B_1, B_2, \ldots, B_k$ of a longest cycle $L$ in a $2$-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Jie Ma , Rongxing Xu

A rainbow stacking of $r$-edge-colorings $\chi_1, \ldots, \chi_m$ of the complete graph on $n$ vertices is a way of superimposing $\chi_1, \ldots, \chi_m$ so that no edges of the same color are superimposed on each other. We determine a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Noga Alon , Colin Defant , Noah Kravitz

Gy\'arf\'as and Sumner independently conjectured that for every tree $T$, the class of graphs not containing $T$ as an induced subgraph is $\chi$-bounded, that is, the chromatic numbers of graphs in this class are bounded above by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-11 Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

We investigate whether it is typical for a sparse graph to be uniquely characterized by its adjacency spectrum up to isomorphism. Our first result shows that the giant component of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph is cospectral when the average…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Nils Van de Berg , Alexander Van Werde

We prove a conjecture of Gy\'arf\'as (1976), which asserts that any family of trees $T_1, \dots, T_{n}$ where each $T_k$ has $k$ vertices packs into $K_n$. We do so by translating the decomposition problem into a labeling problem, namely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Parikshit Chalise , Antwan Clark , Edinah K. Gnang