Related papers: Rectangular mosaics for virtual knots
Flat virtual links are some variant of links, and semiquandles are counterparts of quandles or biquandles, which axiomize the Reidemeister-like moves. In this paper, we give some example of semiquandle and introduce an invariant for flat…
A $k$-twist spun knot is an $n+1$-dimensional knot in the $n+3$-dimensional sphere which is obtained from an $n$-dimensional knot in the $n+2$-dimensional sphere by applying an operation called a $k$-twist-spinning. This construction was…
In this paper we introduce the notion of an unknotting index for virtual knots. We give some examples of computation by using writhe invariants, and discuss a relationship between the unknotting index and the virtual knot module. In…
We study the integral expression of a knot invariant obtained as the second coefficient in the perturbative expansion of Witten's Chern-Simons path integral associated with a knot. One of the integrals involved turns out to be a…
In this paper we discuss how to define a chord index via smoothing a real crossing point of a virtual knot diagram. Several polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links can be recovered from this general construction. We also explain…
Given a knot K in the 3-sphere, consider a singular disk bounded by K and the intersections of K with the interior of the disk. The absolute number of intersections, minimised over all choices of singular disk with a given algebraic number…
Holonomy invariants in strict higher gauge theory have been studied in depth, aiming to applications to higher Chern-Simons theory. For a flat 2-connection, the holonomy of surface knots of arbitrary genus has been defined and its…
Following the suggestion of arXiv:1407.6319 to lift the knot polynomials for virtual knots and links from Jones to HOMFLY, we apply the evolution method to calculate them for an infinite series of twist-like virtual knots and antiparallel…
In 2003, Ozsv\'ath, Szab\'o, and Rasmussen introduced the $\tau$ invariant for knots, and in 2011, Sarkar published a computational shortcut for the $\tau$ invariant of knots that can be represented by diagonal grid diagrams. Previously,…
In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We…
Symmetry of geometrical figures is reflected in regularities of their algebraic invariants. Algebraic regularities are often preserved when the geometrical figure is topologically deformed. The most natural, intuitively simple but…
We study concordance of virtual knots. Our main result is that a classical knot K is virtually slice if and only if it is classically slice. From this we deduce that the concordance group of classical knots embeds into the concordance group…
Joyce has shown that the fundamental quandle of a classical knot can be derived from consideration of the fundamental group and the peripheral structure of the knot, and also that the group and much of the peripheral structure can be…
This paper is a survey of knot theory and invariants of knots and links from the point of view of categories of diagrams. The topics range from foundations of knot theory to virtual knot theory and topological quantum field theory.
Using Gauss diagrams, one can define the virtual bridge number ${\rm vb}(K)$ and the welded bridge number ${\rm wb}(K),$ invariants of virtual and welded knots with ${\rm wb}(K) \leq {\rm vb}(K).$ If $K$ is a classical knot, Chernov and…
We give a combinatorial treatment of transverse homology, a new invariant of transverse knots that is an extension of knot contact homology. The theory comes in several flavors, including one that is an invariant of topological knots and…
Kishino's knot is not detected by the fundamental group or the bracket polynomial; these invariants cannot differentiate between Kishino's knot and the unknot. However, we can show that Kishino's knot is not equivalent to unknot by applying…
By adding or removing appropriate structures to Gauss diagram, one can create useful objects related to virtual links. In this paper few objects of this kind are studied: twisted virtual links generalizing virtual links; signed chord…
The forbidden moves in virtual knot theory can be used to unknot any knot, virtual or classical; however, multi-component crossings in links can still survive, resulting a fused link. Using the forbidden moves, we categorify fused links…
This paper is an introduction to the theory of virtual knots and links and it gives a list of unsolved problems in this subject.