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Krylov complexity is an attractive measure for the rate at which quantum operators spread in the space of all possible operators under dynamical evolution. One expects that its late-time plateau would distinguish between integrable and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Ben Craps , Oleg Evnin , Gabriele Pascuzzi

In this paper, we studied a set of generalised Krylov complexity for operator growth. We demonstrate their universal features at both initial times and long times using half-analytical technique as well as numerical results. In particular,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-12 Zhong-Ying Fan

This paper investigates the notion of Krylov complexity, a measure of operator growth, within the framework of 1-matrix quantum mechanics (1-MQM). Krylov complexity quantifies how an operator evolves over time by expanding it in a series of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Niloofar Vardian

We apply a notion of quantum complexity, called "Krylov complexity", to study the evolution of systems from integrability to chaos. For this purpose we investigate the integrable XXZ spin chain, enriched with an integrability breaking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-12 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

We study the holographic spread/Krylov complexity of operators with non-trivial internal structure and of genuinely extended operators. We first consider a massive particle in AdS$_5\times S^5$ carrying conserved $R$-charge, and show how…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-10 Horatiu Nastase , Carlos Nunez , Dibakar Roychowdhury

In closed quantum systems, Krylov complexity admits a geometric description; operator growth is equivalent to Hamiltonian flow in an emergent phase space whose structure is fixed by the Lanczos coefficients. We show that this picture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Arpan Bhattacharyya , S. Shajidul Haque , Jeff Murugan , Mpho Tladi , Hendrik J. R. Van Zyl

This work addresses how the growth of invariant operators is influenced by their underlying symmetry structure. For this purpose, we introduce the symmetry-resolved Krylov complexity, which captures the time evolution of each block into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-21 Pawel Caputa , Giuseppe Di Giulio , Tran Quang Loc

In this paper, we study the Krylov complexity ($K$) from the planar/inflationary patch of the de Sitter space using the two mode squeezed state formalism in the presence of an effective field having sound speed $c_s$. From our analysis, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-09 Kiran Adhikari , Sayantan Choudhury

How do we describe non-trivial bulk measurements relative to an observer (i.e. relationally) when both the observer and the system it probes may/may not evolve in time? How can we interpret this holographically; particularly for zero-energy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-23 Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez

Krylov complexity is an important dynamical quantity with relevance to the study of operator growth and quantum chaos, and has recently been much studied for various time-independent systems. We initiate the study of K-complexity in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Amin A. Nizami , Ankit W. Shrestha

In this study, we analyze Krylov Complexity in two-dimensional conformal field theories subjected to deformed SL$(2,\mathbb{R})$ Hamiltonians. In the vacuum state, we find that the K-complexity exhibits a universal phase structure. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-27 Vinay Malvimat , Somnath Porey , Baishali Roy

The operator wavefunction provides a fine-grained description of quantum chaos and of the irreversible growth of simple operators into increasingly complex ones. Remarkably, at finite temperature this wavefunction can acquire a phase that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Rishik Perugu , Bryce Kobrin , Michael O. Flynn , Thomas Scaffidi

We develop a geometric approach to operator growth and Krylov complexity in many-body quantum systems governed by symmetries. We start by showing a direct link between a unitary evolution with the Liouvillian and the displacement operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis

Krylov complexity (K-complexity) is a measure of quantum state complexity that minimizes wavefunction spreading across all the possible bases. It serves as a key indicator of operator growth and quantum chaos. In this work, K-complexity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 J. Bharathi Kannan , Sreeram PG , Sanku Paul , S. Harshini Tekur , M. S. Santhanam

Motivated by bulk reconstruction of smeared boundary operators, we study the Krylov complexity of local and non-local primary CFT$_d$ operators from the local bulk-to-bulk propagator of a minimally-coupled massive scalar field in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-12 Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez , Hugo A. Camargo , Viktor Jahnke , Keun-Young Kim , Mitsuhiro Nishida

Quantum complexity, suitably defined, has been suggested as an important probe of late-time dynamics of black holes, particularly in the context of AdS/CFT. A notion of quantum complexity can be effectively captured by quantifying the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-20 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

Krylov complexity is a novel measure of operator complexity that exhibits universal behavior and bounds a large class of other measures. In this letter, we generalize Krylov complexity from a closed system to an open system coupled to a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-11 Chang Liu , Haifeng Tang , Hui Zhai

The dynamics of quantum systems unfolds within a subspace of the state space or operator space, known as the Krylov space. This review presents the use of Krylov subspace methods to provide an efficient description of quantum evolution and…

Commonly, the notion of "quantum chaos'' refers to the fast scrambling of information throughout complex quantum systems undergoing unitary evolution. Motivated by the Krylov complexity and the operator growth hypothesis, we demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Eoin Carolan , Anthony Kiely , Steve Campbell , Sebastian Deffner

We study the operator growth in open quantum systems with dephasing dissipation terms, extending the Krylov complexity formalism of Phys. Rev. X 9, 041017. Our results are based on the study of the dissipative $q$-body Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Budhaditya Bhattacharjee , Xiangyu Cao , Pratik Nandy , Tanay Pathak