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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across various tasks, yet they still exhibit limitations such as hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic content. One potential approach to mitigate these issues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yuxuan Yao , Han Wu , Zhijiang Guo , Biyan Zhou , Jiahui Gao , Sichun Luo , Hanxu Hou , Xiaojin Fu , Linqi Song

Causal inference has been a pivotal challenge across diverse domains such as medicine and economics, demanding a complicated integration of human knowledge, mathematical reasoning, and data mining capabilities. Recent advancements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jing Ma

Despite the notable advancements of existing prompting methods, such as In-Context Learning and Chain-of-Thought for Large Language Models (LLMs), they still face challenges related to various biases. Traditional debiasing methods primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Congzhi Zhang , Linhai Zhang , Jialong Wu , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Recent developments in text classification using Large Language Models (LLMs) in the social sciences suggest that costs can be cut significantly, while performance can sometimes rival existing computational methods. However, with a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Erkan Gunes , Christoffer Florczak , Tevfik Murat Yildirim

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in reasoning capabilities, performing well on various challenging benchmarks. Techniques like Chain-of-Thought prompting have been introduced to further improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Hongwei Zhang , Yifeng Jiao , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

The active research topic of prompt engineering makes it evident that LLMs are sensitive to small changes in prompt wording. A portion of this can be ascribed to the inductive bias that is present in the LLM. By using an LLM's output as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Christian M. Angel , Francis Ferraro

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a popular in-context learning (ICL) approach for large language models (LLMs), especially when tackling complex reasoning tasks. Traditional ICL approaches construct prompts using examples that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zifan Xu , Haozhu Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Xian Wu , Peter Stone , Yanjun Qi

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Text-based recommendation holds a wide range of practical applications due to its versatility, as textual descriptions can represent nearly any type of item. However, directly employing the original item descriptions may not yield optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Hanjia Lyu , Song Jiang , Hanqing Zeng , Yinglong Xia , Qifan Wang , Si Zhang , Ren Chen , Christopher Leung , Jiajie Tang , Jiebo Luo

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

In recent years, the use of prompts to guide the output of Large Language Models have increased dramatically. However, even the best of experts struggle to choose the correct words to stitch up a prompt for the desired task. To solve this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yash Jain , Vishal Chowdhary

Intrinsic self-correction refers to the phenomenon where a language model refines its own outputs purely through prompting, without external feedback or parameter updates. While this approach improves performance across diverse tasks, its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu-Ting Lee , Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-En Shu , Hui-Ying Shih , Pei-Yuan Wu

Causality detection and mining are important tasks in information retrieval due to their enormous use in information extraction, and knowledge graph construction. To solve these tasks, in existing literature there exist several solutions --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Thushara Manjari Naduvilakandy , Hyeju Jang , Mohammad Al Hasan

In the instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), it is widely recognized that a few high-quality instructions are superior to a large number of low-quality instructions. At present, many instruction selection methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qingsong Lv , Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Zishan Xu , Jiwei Tang , Tingwei Lu , Yinghui Li , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Hai-Tao Zheng , Philip S. Yu

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

Inference-time scaling has attracted much attention which significantly enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks by increasing the length of Chain-of-Thought. These longer intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Hongru Wang , Deng Cai , Wanjun Zhong , Shijue Huang , Jeff Z. Pan , Zeming Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Showing incorrect answers to Large Language Models (LLMs) is a popular strategy to improve their performance in reasoning-intensive tasks. It is widely assumed that, in order to be helpful, the incorrect answers must be accompanied by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lisa Alazraki , Maximilian Mozes , Jon Ander Campos , Tan Yi-Chern , Marek Rei , Max Bartolo