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Large Language Models (LLM) and foundation models are popular as they offer new opportunities for individuals and businesses to improve natural language processing, interact with data, and retrieve information faster. However, training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Herbert Woisetschläger , Alexander Isenko , Shiqiang Wang , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for supporting clinical decision-making in complex fields such as rheumatology. Our evaluation shows that smaller language models (SLMs), combined with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Sabine Felde , Rüdiger Buchkremer , Gamal Chehab , Christian Thielscher , Jörg HW Distler , Matthias Schneider , Jutta G. Richter

\textit{Background:} The use of large language models in software testing is growing fast as they support numerous tasks, from test case generation to automation, and documentation. However, their adoption often relies on informal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Maria Deolinda Santana , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Inspired by Federated Learning, in this paper, we propose personal large models that are distilled from traditional large language models but more adaptive to local users' personal information such as education background and hobbies. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuanhao Gong

We study allowing large language models (LLMs) to process arbitrarily long prompts through the lens of inference-time scaling. We propose Recursive Language Models (RLMs), a general inference paradigm that treats long prompts as part of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alex L. Zhang , Tim Kraska , Omar Khattab

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, GLM, and PaLM, have exhibited remarkable performances across various tasks in recent years. However, LLMs face two main challenges in real-world applications. One challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Weijing Chen , Wenbin Wei , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

The learnware paradigm offers a novel approach to machine learning by enabling users to reuse a set of well-trained models for tasks beyond the models' original purposes. It eliminates the need to build models from scratch, instead relying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhi-Hao Tan , Zi-Chen Zhao , Hao-Yu Shi , Xin-Yu Zhang , Peng Tan , Yang Yu , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Large language models (LLMs), or foundation models (FMs), are pretrained transformers that coherently complete sentences auto-regressively. In this paper, we show that LLMs can control simplified space systems after some additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Enrico M. Zucchelli , Di Wu , Julia Briden , Christian Hofmann , Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez , Richard Linares

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in hardware design has taken off in recent years, principally through its incorporation in tools that increase chip designer productivity. There has been considerable discussion about the use of LLMs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nicolas Dupuis , Ravi Nair , Shyam Ramji , Sean McClintock , Nishant Chauhan , Priyanka Nagpal , Bart Blaner , Ken Valk , Leon Stok , Ruchir Puri

We train and deploy a quantized 1D convolutional neural network model to conduct speech recognition on a highly resource-constrained IoT edge device. This can be useful in various Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as smart homes…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Andrew Barovic , Armin Moin

Deploying large scale language models on edge devices faces inherent challenges such as high computational demands, energy consumption, and potential data privacy risks. This paper introduces the Shakti Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Rakshit Aralimatti , Syed Abdul Gaffar Shakhadri , Kruthika KR , Kartik Basavaraj Angadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

The ongoing evolution of language models has led to the development of large-scale architectures that demonstrate exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks. However, these models come with significant computational and energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xialie Zhuang , Peixian Ma , Zhikai Jia , Zane Cao , Shiwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse domains, thereby prompting researchers to explore their potential for use in recommendation systems. Initial attempts have leveraged the exceptional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked remarkable capabilities. While deploying these models typically requires server-grade GPUs and cloud-based inference, the recent emergence of smaller open-source models and…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used across research and industry applications, yet their inference efficiency remains a significant challenge. As the computational power of modern GPU architectures continuously improves,…

Large language models can solve new tasks without task-specific fine-tuning. This ability, also known as in-context learning (ICL), is considered an emergent ability and is primarily seen in large language models with billions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Sherin Muckatira , Vijeta Deshpande , Vladislav Lialin , Anna Rumshisky

Large Language Models (LLMs) are distinguished by their architecture, which dictates their parameter size and performance capabilities. Social scientists have increasingly adopted LLMs for text classification tasks, which are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marcello Carammia , Stefano Maria Iacus , Giuseppe Porro

The pre-training phase of language models often begins with randomly initialized parameters. With the current trends in scaling models, training their large number of parameters can be extremely slow and costly. In contrast, small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Mohammad Samragh , Iman Mirzadeh , Keivan Alizadeh Vahid , Fartash Faghri , Minsik Cho , Moin Nabi , Devang Naik , Mehrdad Farajtabar