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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human behavior in experimental settings, but they systematically diverge from human decisions in complex decision-making environments, where participants must anticipate others'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Letian Kong , Qianran , Jin , Renyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable for global enterprise applications due to substantial performance gaps between high-resource and mid/low-resource languages, driven by English-centric pretraining and internal reasoning biases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amit Agarwal , Hansa Meghwani , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are promising alternatives to autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), as they potentially allow higher inference throughput. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a crucial component for dLLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Petr Molodyk , Bo Yuan , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, yet their ability to handle long-context reading remains challenging. This study explores the effectiveness of leveraging high-quality academic peer review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Shengzhi Li , Kittipat Kampa , Rongyu Lin , Bohang Li , Shichao Pei

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly central to AI applications worldwide, necessitating robust multilingual safety alignment to ensure secure deployment across diverse linguistic contexts. Existing preference learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Weixiang Zhao , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , Tongtong Wu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jiahe Guo , An Zhang , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate proficiency across diverse tasks but often require targeted adaptations for specific applications. Various methods have been proposed to facilitate this adaptation, including fewshot fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rajesh Upadhayaya , Manish Raj Osti , Zachary Smith , Chritopher Kottmyer

Long-context language models (LCLMs), characterized by their extensive context window, are becoming popular. However, despite the fact that they are nearly perfect at standard long-context retrieval tasks, our evaluations demonstrate they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yijiong Yu , Yongfeng Huang , Zhixiao Qi , Wei Wang , Weifeng Liu , Ran Chen , Ji Pei

Accurately simulating the decisions of a specific individual remains challenging for large language models (LLMs), partly because persona information is often provided as static descriptions that miss the values, experiences, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ruoxi Su , Yuhan Liu , Jingyu Hu

The emergence of large Vision Language Models (VLMs) has broadened the scope and capabilities of single-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating visual modalities, thereby unlocking transformative cross-modal applications in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shuo Xing , Peiran Li , Yuping Wang , Ruizheng Bai , Yueqi Wang , Chan-Wei Hu , Chengxuan Qian , Huaxiu Yao , Zhengzhong Tu

Going beyond mimicking limited human experiences, recent studies show initial evidence that, like humans, large language models (LLMs) are capable of improving their abilities purely by self-correction, i.e., correcting previous responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yifei Wang , Yuyang Wu , Zeming Wei , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

We propose ContextLM, a framework that implicitly learns multi-token prediction by augmenting standard pretraining with an intrinsic next-context prediction objective. ContextLM builds a language model on top of context embeddings that span…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Beiya Dai , Yuliang Liu , Daozheng Xue , Yunchong Song , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Xinbing Wang , Bowen Zhou , Zhouhan Lin

Current large language models (LLMs) generally show a significant performance gap in alignment between English and other languages. To bridge this gap, existing research typically leverages the model's responses in English as a reference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in natural language generation, much evidence shows that LLMs may produce incorrect or nonsensical text. This limitation highlights the importance of discerning when to trust LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shuchang Tao , Liuyi Yao , Hanxing Ding , Yuexiang Xie , Qi Cao , Fei Sun , Jinyang Gao , Huawei Shen , Bolin Ding

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive multilingual machine translation ability. However, unlike encoder-decoder style models, decoder-only LLMs lack an explicit alignment between source and target contexts. Analyzing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hongbin Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

In an era of rampant misinformation, generating reliable news explanations is vital, especially for under-represented languages like Hindi. Lacking robust automated tools, Hindi faces challenges in scaling misinformation detection. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pulkit Bansal , Raghvendra Kumar , Shakti Singh , Adam Jatowt , Sriparna Saha

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

Due to the remarkable capabilities and growing impact of large language models (LLMs), they have been deeply integrated into many aspects of society. Thus, ensuring their alignment with human values and intentions has emerged as a critical…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are deployed in complex environments -- such as massive codebases, enterprise databases, and conversational histories -- where the relevant state far exceeds their context windows. To navigate these spaces,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chinmaya Kausik , Adith Swaminathan , Nathan Kallus

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in open-domain Question Answering (QA), their ability to handle inferential questions-where answers must be derived rather than directly retrieved-remains still underexplored. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jamshid Mozafari , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt
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