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Related papers: Structured Extraction of Real World Medical Knowle…

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Healthcare domain generates a lot of unstructured and semi-structured text. Natural Language processing (NLP) has been used extensively to process this data. Deep Learning based NLP especially Large Language Models (LLMs) such as BERT have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Kunal Suri , Atul Singh , Prakhar Mishra , Swapna Sourav Rout , Rajesh Sabapathy

The unstructured nature of clinical notes within electronic health records often conceals vital patient-related information, making it challenging to access or interpret. To uncover this hidden information, specialized Natural Language…

Identifying disease interconnections through manual analysis of large-scale clinical data is labor-intensive, subjective, and prone to expert disagreement. While machine learning (ML) shows promise, three critical challenges remain: (1)…

The extraction of lung lesion information from clinical and medical imaging reports is crucial for research on and clinical care of lung-related diseases. Large language models (LLMs) can be effective at interpreting unstructured text in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Diya Li , Asim Kadav , Aijing Gao , Rui Li , Richard Bourgon

Ontologies are essential for structuring domain knowledge, improving accessibility, sharing, and reuse. However, traditional ontology construction relies on manual annotation and conventional natural language processing (NLP) techniques,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Ziyu Li , Mu He , Ziyang Ma , Xiaoxu Wu , Gizem Yilmaz , Yiyuan Xia , Bingbing Li , He Tan , Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh , Wen Feng Lu , Anders E. W. Jarfors , Per Jansson

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but they often generate subtle factual errors, especially in long-form text. These errors are fatal in some specialized domains such as medicine. Existing fact-checking with grounding documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yingjian Chen , Haoran Liu , Yinhong Liu , Jinxiang Xie , Rui Yang , Han Yuan , Yanran Fu , Peng Yuan Zhou , Qingyu Chen , James Caverlee , Irene Li

The vast amount of biomedical information available today presents a significant challenge for investigators seeking to digest, process, and understand these findings effectively. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Alexander R. Pelletier , Joseph Ramirez , Irsyad Adam , Simha Sankar , Yu Yan , Ding Wang , Dylan Steinecke , Wei Wang , Peipei Ping

The generative capabilities of LLM models offer opportunities for accelerating tasks but raise concerns about the authenticity of the knowledge they produce. To address these concerns, we present a computational approach that evaluates the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ahmed Abdeen Hamed , Alessandro Crimi , Magdalena M. Misiak , Byung Suk Lee

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has opened new boundaries in the extraction and synthesis of medical knowledge, particularly within evidence synthesis. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art applications of LLMs in…

A key component of deep learning (DL) for natural language processing (NLP) is word embeddings. Word embeddings that effectively capture the meaning and context of the word that they represent can significantly improve the performance of…

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for extracting clinically meaningful information from unstructured health records, yet their translation into real-world settings is constrained by the lack of scalable and trustworthy validation…

Background: Structured information extraction from unstructured histopathology reports facilitates data accessibility for clinical research. Manual extraction by experts is time-consuming and expensive, limiting scalability. Large language…

Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models have shown promise in clinical entity and relation extraction tasks because of their precise extraction and contextual understanding capability. In this work, we further leverage the Unified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Kriti Bhattarai , Inez Y. Oh , Zachary B. Abrams , Albert M. Lai

Entity recognition is a critical first step to a number of clinical NLP applications, such as entity linking and relation extraction. We present the first attempt to apply state-of-the-art entity recognition approaches on a newly released…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Kathleen C. Fraser , Isar Nejadgholi , Berry De Bruijn , Muqun Li , Astha LaPlante , Khaldoun Zine El Abidine

Tabular data is often hidden in text, particularly in medical diagnostic reports. Traditional machine learning (ML) models designed to work with tabular data, cannot effectively process information in such form. On the other hand, large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Aleksa Bisercic , Mladen Nikolic , Mihaela van der Schaar , Boris Delibasic , Pietro Lio , Andrija Petrovic

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language generation. However, they frequently generate unverified outputs, which compromises their reliability in critical applications. In this study, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Alexandru Lecu , Adrian Groza , Lezan Hawizy

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs), offering significant improvements in scalability and efficiency for real-world data (RWD) curation in oncology. However, the…

The rapid expansion of publicly-available medical data presents a challenge for clinicians and researchers alike, increasing the gap between the volume of scientific literature and its applications. The steady growth of studies and findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Taine J. Elliott , Stephen P. Levitt , Ken Nixon , Martin Bekker

The automatic construction of knowledge graphs (KGs) is an important research area in medicine, with far-reaching applications spanning drug discovery and clinical trial design. These applications hinge on the accurate identification of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Vahan Arsenyan , Spartak Bughdaryan , Fadi Shaya , Kent Small , Davit Shahnazaryan
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