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We propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based control design framework for handling complex tasks. The approach extends the concept of Reward Machines (RM) with Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas that can be used for event generation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ana María Gómez Ruiz , Thao Dang , Alexandre Donzé

Online monitoring is a widely used technique in assessing if the performance of the system satisfies some desired requirements during run-time operation. Existing works on online monitoring usually assume that the monitor can acquire system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Chuwei Wang , Xinyi Yu , Jianing Zhao , Lars Lindemann , Xiang Yin

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a concise yet expressive framework for specifying and reasoning about spatio-temporal behaviors of robotic systems. Attractively, STL admits the notion of robustness, the degree to which an input signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Parv Kapoor , Kazuki Mizuta , Eunsuk Kang , Karen Leung

We consider the problem of mining signal temporal logical requirements from a dataset of regular (good) and anomalous (bad) trajectories of a dynamical system. We assume the training set to be labeled by human experts and that we have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Laura Nenzi , Simone Silvetti , Ezio Bartocci , Luca Bortolussi

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers verifiable task specifications and is crucial for safety-critical control. Yet STL planning remains challenging: exact optimization-based methods are often too slow, and learning-based methods struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Bowen Ye , Ancheng Hou , Junyue Huang , Ruijia Liu , Xiang Yin

Many complex cyber-physical systems can be modeled as heterogeneous components interacting with each other in real-time. We assume that the correctness of each component can be specified as a requirement satisfied by the output signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Aniruddh G. Puranic

A large variety of dynamical systems, such as chemical and biomolecular systems, can be seen as networks of nonlinear entities. Prediction, control, and identification of such nonlinear networks require knowledge of the state of the system.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-27 Aleksandar Haber , Ferenc Molnar , Adilson E. Motter

Spatiotemporal graph neural networks (STGNNs) have shown promising results in many domains, from forecasting to epidemiology. However, understanding the dynamics learned by these models and explaining their behaviour is significantly more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Michele Guerra , Simone Scardapane , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Inferring spatial-temporal properties from data is important for many complex systems, such as additive manufacturing systems, swarm robotic systems and biological networks. Such systems can often be modeled as a labeled graph where labels…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Zhe Xu , Alexander J Nettekoven , A. Agung Julius , Ufuk Topcu

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are one of the most important representations of dynamical systems. They are notable for the ability to include a deterministic component of the system and a stochastic one to represent random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Noura Dridi , Lucas Drumetz , Ronan Fablet

We investigate neural ordinary and stochastic differential equations (neural ODEs and SDEs) to model stochastic dynamics in fully and partially observed environments within a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chao Han , Stefanos Ioannou , Luca Manneschi , T. J. Hayward , Michael Mangan , Aditya Gilra , Eleni Vasilaki

This review maps developments in stochastic modeling, highlighting non-standard approaches and their applications to biology and epidemiology. It brings together four strands: (1) core models for systems that evolve with randomness; (2)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Yassine Sabbar , Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

We extend Signal Temporal Logic (STL) to enable the specification of importance and priorities. The extension, called Weighted STL (wSTL), has the same qualitative (Boolean) semantics as STL, but additionally defines weights associated with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-05 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

A key problem in computational biology is discovering the gene expression changes that regulate cell fate transitions, in which one cell type turns into another. However, each individual cell cannot be tracked longitudinally, and cells at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Yichen Gu , David Blaauw , Joshua Welch

Cellular transformations which involve a significant phenotypical change of the cell's state use bistable biochemical switches as underlying decision systems. In this work, we aim at linking cellular decisions taking place on a time scale…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2010-05-11 Steffen Waldherr , Jingbo Wu , Frank Allgöwer

The prediction of behavior in dynamical systems, is frequently subject to the design of models. When a time series obtained from observing the system is available, the task can be performed by designing the model from these observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Pedro Garcia

Dynamical systems theory describes how interacting quantities change over time and space, from molecular oscillators to large-scale biological patterns. Such systems often involve nonlinear feedbacks, delays, and interactions across scales.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-09 Bartosz Prokop , Lendert Gelens

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a convenient formalism to express bounded horizon properties of autonomous critical systems. STL extends LTL to real-valued signals and associates a non-singleton bound interval to each temporal operators. In…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Céline Bellanger , Pierre-Loïc Garoche , Matthieu Martel , Célia Picard

We present a numerical method for learning the dynamics of slow components of unknown multiscale stochastic dynamical systems. While the governing equations of the systems are unknown, bursts of observation data of the slow variables are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yuan Chen , Dongbin Xiu

Natural laws are often described through differential equations yet finding a differential equation that describes the governing law underlying observed data is a challenging and still mostly manual task. In this paper we make a step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Sören Becker , Michal Klein , Alexander Neitz , Giambattista Parascandolo , Niki Kilbertus