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In the evolving landscape of transportation systems, integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising frontier for advancing intelligent decision-making across various applications. This paper introduces a novel 3-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Dexter Le , Aybars Yunusoglu , Karn Tiwari , Murat Isik , I. Can Dikmen

Multimodal learning has rapidly advanced visual understanding, largely via multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that use powerful LLMs as cognitive cores. In visual generation, however, these powerful core models are typically reduced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Han Lin , Xichen Pan , Ziqi Huang , Ji Hou , Jialiang Wang , Weifeng Chen , Zecheng He , Felix Juefei-Xu , Junzhe Sun , Zhipeng Fan , Ali Thabet , Mohit Bansal , Chu Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), initiated with a trained LLM, first align images with text and then fine-tune on multimodal mixed inputs. However, the MLLM catastrophically forgets the text-only instructions, which do not include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yi-Kai Zhang , Shiyin Lu , Yang Li , Yanqing Ma , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

We propose an efficient method to ground pretrained text-only language models to the visual domain, enabling them to process arbitrarily interleaved image-and-text data, and generate text interleaved with retrieved images. Our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jing Yu Koh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Daniel Fried

Humans possess the capability to comprehend diverse modalities and seamlessly transfer information between them. In this work, we introduce ModaVerse, a Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) capable of comprehending and transforming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xinyu Wang , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

In the past five years, research has shifted from traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches to leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) , including multimodality, for data augmentation to enhance generalization, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ranjan Sapkota , Shaina Raza , Maged Shoman , Achyut Paudel , Manoj Karkee

In this work, we explore a cost-effective framework for multilingual image generation. We find that, unlike models tuned on high-quality images with multilingual annotations, leveraging text encoders pre-trained on widely available, noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Sen Xing , Muyan Zhong , Zeqiang Lai , Liangchen Li , Jiawen Liu , Yaohui Wang , Jifeng Dai , Wenhai Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable success in enhancing translation performance by integrating multimodal information. However, existing research primarily focuses on image-guided methods, whose applicability is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yexing Du , Youcheng Pan , Zekun Wang , Zheng Chu , Yichong Huang , Kaiyuan Liu , Bo Yang , Yang Xiang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive progress in mathematical reasoning. While data augmentation is promising to enhance mathematical problem-solving ability, current approaches are predominantly limited to instance-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qizhi Pei , Lijun Wu , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Honglin Lin , Chenlin Ming , Xin Gao , Conghui He , Rui Yan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) rely on strong linguistic reasoning inherited from their base language models. However, multimodal instruction fine-tuning paradoxically degrades this text's reasoning capability, undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zijing Wang , Yongkang Liu , Mingyang Wang , Ercong Nie , Deyuan Chen , Zhengjie Zhao , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Yifei Zhang , Hinrich Schütze

In this survey, we systematically analyze techniques used to adapt large multimodal models (LMMs) for low-resource (LR) languages, examining approaches ranging from visual enhancement and data creation to cross-modal transfer and fusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marian Lupascu , Ana-Cristina Rogoz , Mihai Sorin Stupariu , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have a significant impact on various tasks, due to their extensive knowledge and powerful perception and generation capabilities. However, it still remains an open research problem on applying MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Xiaoyu Jin , Yuan Shi , Bin Xia , Wenming Yang

Recent Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in learning joint representations from text and images. However, their spatial reasoning remains limited. We introduce 3DFroMLLM, a novel framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Noor Ahmed , Cameron Braunstein , Steffen Eger , Eddy Ilg

We present MMCORE, a unified framework designed for multimodal image generation and editing. MMCORE leverages a pre-trained Vision-Language Model (VLM) to predict semantic visual embeddings via learnable query tokens, which subsequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zijie Li , Yichun Shi , Jingxiang Sun , Ye Wang , Yixuan Huang , Zhiyao Guo , Xiaochen Lian , Peihao Zhu , Yu Tian , Zhonghua Zhai , Peng Wang

Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

Previous studies on federated learning (FL) often encounter performance degradation due to data heterogeneity among different clients. In light of the recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4v and LLaVA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jianyi Zhang , Hao Frank Yang , Ang Li , Xin Guo , Pu Wang , Haiming Wang , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

In this work, we introduce LLaDA-V, a purely diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that integrates visual instruction tuning with masked diffusion models, representing a departure from the autoregressive paradigms dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zebin You , Shen Nie , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks, but leveraging them for dense passage embedding remains challenging. This is due to their causal attention mechanism and the misalignment between their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

We present a unified Vision-Language pretrained Model (VLMo) that jointly learns a dual encoder and a fusion encoder with a modular Transformer network. Specifically, we introduce Mixture-of-Modality-Experts (MoME) Transformer, where each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Hangbo Bao , Wenhui Wang , Li Dong , Qiang Liu , Owais Khan Mohammed , Kriti Aggarwal , Subhojit Som , Furu Wei

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLMs) leverages Large Language Models as a cognitive framework for diverse visual-language tasks. Recent efforts have been made to equip MLLMs with visual perceiving and grounding capabilities. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Junwen He , Yifan Wang , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu , Jun-Yan He , Jin-Peng Lan , Bin Luo , Xuansong Xie