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Subsampling techniques can reduce the computational costs of processing big data. Practical subsampling plans typically involve initial uniform sampling and refined sampling. With a subsample, big data inferences are generally built on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-13 Yan Fan , Yang Liu , Yukun Liu , Jing Qin

Dealing with missing data is an important problem in statistical analysis that is often addressed with imputation procedures. The performance and validity of such methods are of great importance for their application in empirical studies.…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-19 Jakob Schwerter , Ketevan Gurtskaia , Andrés Romero , Birgit Zeyer-Gliozzo , Markus Pauly

Missing data is a common problem which has consistently plagued statisticians and applied analytical researchers. While replacement methods like mean-based or hot deck imputation have been well researched, emerging imputation techniques…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-27 Seema Sangari , Herman E. Ray

Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used for clinical and comparative effectiveness research, but suffer from missing data. Motivated by health services research on diabetes care, we seek to increase the quality of EHRs by…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-14 Yajuan Si , Mari Palta , Maureen Smith

In many contexts, particularly when study subjects are adolescents, peer effects can invalidate typical statistical requirements in the data. For instance, it is plausible that a student's academic performance is influenced both by their…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-30 Vanessa McNealis , Erica E. M. Moodie , Nema Dean

Target trial emulation (TTE) enables causal questions to be studied with observational data when randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are infeasible. Yet treatment-effect methods often address causal estimation, missingness, and temporal…

How should researchers adjust for covariates? We show that if the propensity score is estimated using a specific covariate balancing approach, inverse probability weighting (IPW), augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW), and inverse…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-23 Tymon Słoczyński , S. Derya Uysal , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely regarded as the gold standard for causal inference in biomedical research. For instance, when estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), a doubly robust estimation procedure…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-26 Chi-Shian Dai , Chao Ying , Yang Ning , Jiwei Zhao

Missing data are often dealt with multiple imputation. A crucial part of the multiple imputation process is selecting sensible models to generate plausible values for incomplete data. A method based on posterior predictive checking is…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-14 Mingyang Cai , Stef van Buuren , Gerko Vink

Imputing missing potential outcomes using an estimated regression function is a natural idea for estimating causal effects. In the literature, estimators that combine imputation and regression adjustments are believed to be comparable to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Zhexiao Lin , Fang Han

Population size estimation from capture-recapture data is central for studying hard-to-reach populations, incorporating auxiliary covariates to account for heterogeneous capture probabilities and recapture dependencies. However, missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-11 Mateo Dulce Rubio , Edward H. Kennedy , Nicholas P. Jewell

The primary analysis of clinical trials in diabetes therapeutic area often involves a mixed-model repeated measure (MMRM) approach to estimate the average treatment effect for longitudinal continuous outcome, and a generalized linear mixed…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-03 Lingjing Jiang , Michael Rosenblum , Yu Du

Propensity score (PS) weighting methods are often used in non-randomized studies to adjust for confounding and assess treatment effects. The most popular among them, the inverse probability weighting (IPW), assigns weights that are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-04 Yunji Zhou , Roland A. Matsouaka , Laine Thomas

With continuous outcomes, the average causal effect is typically defined using a contrast of expected potential outcomes. However, in the presence of skewed outcome data, the expectation may no longer be meaningful. In practice the typical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-06 Daisy A. Shepherd , Benjamin R. Baer , Margarita Moreno-Betancur

Envelope method was recently proposed as a method to reduce the dimension of responses in multivariate regressions. However, when there exists missing data, the envelope method using the complete case observations may lead to biased and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Linquan Ma , Lan Liu , Wei Yang

Chronic diseases such as diabetes pose significant management challenges, particularly due to the risk of complications like hypoglycemia, which require timely detection and intervention. Continuous health monitoring through wearable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Vaibhav Gupta , Florian Grensing , Beyza Cinar , Maria Maleshkova

Inferring causal effects of treatments is a central goal in many disciplines. The potential outcomes framework is a main statistical approach to causal inference, in which a causal effect is defined as a comparison of the potential outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-04 Peng Ding , Fan Li

Observational studies can play a useful role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of competing treatments. In a clinical trial the randomization of participants to treatment and control groups generally results in well-balanced groups…

Inferring causal effects of a treatment, intervention or policy from observational data is central to many applications. However, state-of-the-art methods for causal inference seldom consider the possibility that covariates have missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Imke Mayer , Julie Josse , Félix Raimundo , Jean-Philippe Vert

We study off-policy evaluation in the setting of contextual bandits, where we aim to evaluate a new policy using historical data that consists of contexts, actions and received rewards. This historical data typically does not faithfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Rong J. B. Zhu