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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought a pressing challenge: how to reliably assess hallucinations to guarantee model trustworthiness. Although Automatic Hallucination Evaluation (AHE) has become an indispensable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siya Qi , Lin Gui , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan

The transition from sequential to parallel computing is essential for modern high-performance applications but is hindered by the steep learning curve of concurrent programming. This challenge is magnified for irregular data structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Liu Yang , Zeyu Nie , Andrew Liu , Felix Zou , Deniz Altinbüken , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Quanquan C. Liu

Solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) (e.g., traveling salesman problems (TSPs) and capacitated vehicle routing problems (CVRPs)) in practice traditionally involves handcrafting heuristics or specifying a search space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Nguyen Thach , Aida Riahifar , Nathan Huynh , Hau Chan

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Automated Algorithm Discovery (AAD), particularly for optimisation heuristics, is an emerging field of research. This emergence necessitates robust, standardised benchmarking practices to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Haoran Yin , Thomas Bäck

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities, yet their improvement methods remain fundamentally constrained by human design. We present Self-Developing, a framework that enables LLMs to autonomously discover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning across diverse domains. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing LLMs not merely as assistants in optimization tasks, but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jie Zhao , Tao Wen , Kang Hao Cheong

Evolutionary algorithms excel in solving complex optimization problems, especially those with multiple objectives. However, their stochastic nature can sometimes hinder rapid convergence to the global optima, particularly in scenarios…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Zeyi Wang , Songbai Liu , Jianyong Chen , Kay Chen Tan

Heuristics are a central component of deterministic planning, particularly in domain-independent settings where general applicability is prioritized over task-specific tuning. This work revisits that paradigm in light of recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alexander Tuisov , Yonatan Vernik , Alexander Shleyfman

Genetic programming (GP) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in evolving tree-structured heuristics for complex optimization problems. Yet, in dynamic and large-scale scenarios, the most effective heuristics are often highly complex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Meng Xu , Jiao Liu , Yew Soon Ong

Feature selection is a combinatorial optimization problem that is NP-hard. Conventional approaches often employ heuristic or greedy strategies, which are prone to premature convergence and may fail to capture subtle yet informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yusi Fan , Tian Wang , Zhiying Yan , Chang Liu , Qiong Zhou , Qi Lu , Zhehao Guo , Ziqi Deng , Wenyu Zhu , Ruochi Zhang , Fengfeng Zhou

Molecular discovery, when formulated as an optimization problem, presents significant computational challenges because optimization objectives can be non-differentiable. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), often used to optimize black-box…

Benchmarking in continuous black-box optimisation is hindered by the limited structural diversity of existing test suites such as BBOB. We explore whether large language models embedded in an evolutionary loop can be used to design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Urban Skvorc , Niki van Stein , Moritz Seiler , Britta Grimme , Thomas Bäck , Heike Trautmann

Achieving robust networks is a challenging problem due to its NP-hard nature and complex solution space. Current methods, from handcrafted feature extraction to deep learning, have made progress but remain rigid, requiring manual design and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 He Yu , Jing Liu

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. However, EAs often demand carefully-designed operators with the aid of domain expertise to achieve satisfactory…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Shengcai Liu , Caishun Chen , Xinghua Qu , Ke Tang , Yew-Soon Ong

Meta-black-box optimization has been significantly advanced through the use of large language models (LLMs), yet in fancy on constrained evolutionary optimization. In this work, AwesomeDE is proposed that leverages LLMs as the strategy of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xu Yang , Rui Wang , Kaiwen Li , Wenhua Li , Weixiong Huang

Achieving balanced alignment of large language models (LLMs) in terms of Helpfulness, Honesty, and Harmlessness (3H optimization) constitutes a cornerstone of responsible AI. Existing methods like data mixture strategies face limitations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jinluan Yang , Dingnan Jin , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Didi Zhu , Zhengyu Chen , Ziyu Zhao , Daixin Wang , Qing Cui , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

This paper investigates the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) as generative optimizers for solving constrained multi-objective regression tasks, specifically within the challenging domain of inverse design (property-to-structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Muhammad Bilal Awan , Abdul Razzaq , Abdul Shahid

Heuristic design upholds modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools, yet crafting effective placement, routing, and scheduling strategies entails substantial expertise. We study how large language models (LLMs) can systematically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shiva Ahir , Alex Doboli

The paradigm of automated program generation is shifting from one-shot generation to inference-time search, where Large Language Models (LLMs) function as semantic mutation operators within evolutionary loops. While effective, these systems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mert Cemri , Shubham Agrawal , Akshat Gupta , Shu Liu , Audrey Cheng , Qiuyang Mang , Ashwin Naren , Lutfi Eren Erdogan , Koushik Sen , Matei Zaharia , Alex Dimakis , Ion Stoica