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Neural networks are computing models that have been leading progress in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. In parallel, the first small scale quantum computing devices have become available in recent years,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-21 Stefano Mangini , Francesco Tacchino , Dario Gerace , Daniele Bajoni , Chiara Macchiavello

Here we will give a perspective on new possible interplays between Machine Learning and Quantum Physics, including also practical cases and applications. We will explore the ways in which machine learning could benefit from new quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 Lorenzo Buffoni , Filippo Caruso

At the intersection of machine learning and quantum computing, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has the potential of accelerating data analysis, especially for quantum data, with applications for quantum materials, biochemistry, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-17 M. Cerezo , Guillaume Verdon , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Deep learning is increasingly used as a building block of security systems. Unfortunately, neural networks are hard to interpret and typically opaque to the practitioner. The machine learning community has started to address this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Alexander Warnecke , Daniel Arp , Christian Wressnegger , Konrad Rieck

One of the key obstacles in traditional deep learning is the reduction in model transparency caused by increasingly intricate model functions, which can lead to problems such as overfitting and excessive confidence in predictions. With the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Maximilian Wendlinger , Kilian Tscharke , Pascal Debus

Machine learning models have had discernible achievements in a myriad of applications. However, most of these models are black-boxes, and it is obscure how the decisions are made by them. This makes the models unreliable and untrustworthy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Raha Moraffah , Mansooreh Karami , Ruocheng Guo , Adrienne Raglin , Huan Liu

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

Machine learning in quantum computing and communication provides intensive opportunities for revolutionizing the field of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science. There exists an aperture of understanding behind this interdisciplinary…

The rapid development of quantum computer hardware has laid the hardware foundation for the realization of QNN. Due to quantum properties, QNN shows higher storage capacity and computational efficiency compared to its classical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Renxin Zhao , Shi Wang

Machine Learning explainability techniques have been proposed as a means of `explaining' or interrogating a model in order to understand why a particular decision or prediction has been made. Such an ability is especially important at a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Matthew J. Vowels

Here we discuss advances in the field of quantum machine learning. The following document offers a hybrid discussion; both reviewing the field as it is currently, and suggesting directions for further research. We include both algorithms…

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

As quantum machine learning (QML) emerges as a promising field at the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, it becomes crucial to address the biases and challenges that arise from the unique nature of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Nandhini Swaminathan , David Danks

The success of neural networks builds to a large extent on their ability to create internal knowledge representations from real-world high-dimensional data, such as images, sound, or text. Approaches to extract and present these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Lars Holmberg , Paul Davidsson , Per Linde

This text aims to present and explain quantum machine learning algorithms to a data scientist in an accessible and consistent way. The algorithms and equations presented are not written in rigorous mathematical fashion, instead, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-27 Dawid Kopczyk

The rapid evolution of machine learning (ML) has led to the widespread adoption of complex "black box" models, such as deep neural networks and ensemble methods. These models exhibit exceptional predictive performance, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Ayah Barhrhouj , Julien Aligon

Quantum computers are next-generation devices that hold promise to perform calculations beyond the reach of classical computers. A leading method towards achieving this goal is through quantum machine learning, especially quantum generative…

Machine learning methods have been remarkably successful for a wide range of application areas in the extraction of essential information from data. An exciting and relatively recent development is the uptake of machine learning in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Ribana Roscher , Bastian Bohn , Marco F. Duarte , Jochen Garcke

A task of interest in machine learning (ML) is that of ascribing explanations to the predictions made by ML models. Furthermore, in domains deemed high risk, the rigor of explanations is paramount. Indeed, incorrect explanations can and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mohamed Siala , Jordi Planes , Joao Marques-Silva

Understanding the theoretical capabilities and limitations of quantum machine learning (QML) models to solve machine learning tasks is crucial to advancing both quantum software and hardware developments. Similarly to the classical setting,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Qiuhao Chen , Yuling Jiao , Yinan Li , Xiliang Lu , Jerry Zhijian Yang